Nuclear Theory · arXiv:1105.1756 v2 · submitted 9 May 2011
Hagedorn States and Thermalization in Heavy Ion Collisions
The paper says
“A comparison of the Hagedorn model to recent lattice results is made and it is found that the hadrons can reach chemical equilibrium almost immediately, well before the chemical freeze-out temperatures found in thermal fits for a hadron gas without Hagedorn states.”
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Abstract
In recent years, Hagedorn states have been used to explain the equilibrium and transport properties of a hadron gas close to the QCD critical temperature. These massive resonances are shown to lower η/s to near the AdS/CFT limit close to the phase transition. A comparison of the Hagedorn model to recent lattice results is made and it is found that the hadrons can reach chemical equilibrium almost immediately, well before the chemical freeze-out temperatures found in thermal fits for a hadron gas without Hagedorn states.
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abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
How the main claim is stated: asserted 1.00
What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.07 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.78 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.22 · compares with prior results 0.95 · mentions code or data availability 0.02
The abstract, sentence by sentence
This table labels the abstract only (arXiv listing abstract v2). The number is the probability the classifier gave the label.
| Sentence | Role | The authors' own work | States the main conclusion | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In recent years, Hagedorn states have been used to explain the equilibrium and transport properties of a hadron gas close to the QCD critical temperature. | background 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.07 | asserted 0.99 |
| These massive resonances are shown to lower $\eta/s$ to near the AdS/CFT limit close to the phase transition. | result 0.98 | 0.65 | 0.38 | asserted 1.00 |
| A comparison of the Hagedorn model to recent lattice results is made and it is found that the hadrons can reach chemical equilibrium almost immediately, well before the chemical freeze-out temperatures found in thermal fits for a hadron gas without Hagedorn states. | result 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.54 | asserted 1.00 |
What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.97 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.32
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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 2,983 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.
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Cited by 1 Pith paper
Reviewed papers on Pith that cite this one. The full citation record
How the literature uses it
4 arXiv papers cite this in 6 sentences
Papers whose main result relates to this one's
States the same result 4 papers
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We compare our model to recent lattice results and find that for both $T_c=176$ MeV and $T_c=196$ MeV, the hadrons can reach chemical equilibrium almost immediately, well before the chemical freeze-out temperatures found in thermal fits for a hadron gas without Hagedorn states.
Dynamics of Chemical Equilibrium of Hadronic Matter Close to $T_c$ · 0.95
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We discuss how the inclusion of Hagedorn states near $T_c$ leads to short chemical equilibration times of proton anti-proton pairs, $K\bar{K}$ pairs, and $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}$ pairs, which indicates that hadrons do not need to be "born" into chemical equilibrium in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.
Chemical Equilibration and Transport Properties of Hadronic Matter near $T_c$ · 0.89
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For relativistic heavy ion collisions this scenario predicts that hadronization is followed by a brief expansion phase during which the equilibration rate is higher than the expansion rate, so that baryons and antibaryons reach chemical equilibrium before chemical freeze-out occurs.
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A comparison of the Hagedorn model to recent lattice results is made and it is found that for both Tc =176 MeV and Tc=196 MeV, the hadrons can reach chemical equilibrium almost immediately, well before the chemical freeze-out temperatures found in thermal fits for a hadron gas without Hagedorn states.
Thermalization through Hagedorn states - the importance of multiparticle collisions · 0.81
Papers citing it · 4 sentences without a confident label
Uses its method or tool 1 paper
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The parameterization of the hadronic viscosity is based on Ref. [ref] where the authors consider a hadron resonance gas with additional Hagedorn states.
Influence of a temperature-dependent shear viscosity on the azimuthal asymmetries of transverse momentum spectra in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions · Transport coefficients · 0.93
Compares with it 1 paper
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We further note that, since we are considering a chemically frozen hadron resonance gas below $T_chem$, while in Ref. [ref] chemical equilibrium is assumed at all temperatures, the entropy densities, and therefore the values of $η$, differ between the two calculations at a given value of $T < T_chem$.
Influence of a temperature-dependent shear viscosity on the azimuthal asymmetries of transverse momentum spectra in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions · Transport coefficients · 0.89
What it cites · 27 sentences without a confident label
Uses the method or tool of 1 paper
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Furthermore, we need to take into account the repulsive interactions and, therefore, we use the volume corrections in [ref] .
Transport Coefficients of Hadronic Matter near $T_c$ · Model · 0.87
Uses data or values from 6 papers
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Returning to Eq. ([ref]), we assume that $T_H=T_c$, and then we consider the two different different lattice results for $T_c$: $T_c=196$ MeV [ref] (Hot Quarks collaboration), which uses an almost physical pion mass, and $T_c=176$ MeV [ref] (BMW collaboration).
Equation of state and QCD transition at finite temperature · Model · 0.99
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Returning to Eq. ([ref]), we assume that $T_H=T_c$, and then we consider the two different different lattice results for $T_c$: $T_c=196$ MeV [ref] (Hot Quarks collaboration), which uses an almost physical pion mass, and $T_c=176$ MeV [ref] (BMW collaboration).
The equation of state in lattice QCD: with physical quark masses towards the continuum limit · Model · 0.99
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For Au+Au collisions at RHIC$$ at $√(s_NN)=200$ GeV, specifically, estimates for the chemical freeze-out temperature and baryon chemical potential range from $T_ch=155-169$ MeV and $μ_b=20-30$ MeV [ref] .
Chemical freeze-out in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at sqrt(s)_NN = 130 and 200 GeV · Thermal Fits · 0.92
Compares with 1 paper
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Our resulting temperature and baryonic chemical potential are almost identical to that in [ref] .
Hadron production in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at chemical freeze-out · Results · 0.99
Cites as support 5 papers
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Recently, we have found that Hagedorn states can account for quick dynamical chemical equilibration times within the hadron gas phase [ref] .
Fast Equilibration of Hadrons in an Expanding Fireball · Introduction · 0.98
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Recently, we have found that Hagedorn states can account for quick dynamical chemical equilibration times within the hadron gas phase [ref] .
Chemical Equilibration at the Hagedorn Temperature · Introduction · 0.98
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Recently, we have found that Hagedorn states can account for quick dynamical chemical equilibration times within the hadron gas phase [ref] .
Dynamics of Chemical Equilibrium of Hadronic Matter Close to $T_c$ · Introduction · 0.98
Cites as background 9 papers
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The factor in front of the exponential may appear in various forms [ref] .
Can a Hagedorn system have a temperature other than $T_C$ or can a thermostat have a temperature other than its own? · Model · 0.85
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The factor in front of the exponential may appear in various forms [ref] .
Update of the Hagedorn mass spectrum · Model · 0.85
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Thermal fits computed within grand canonical statistical models are normally used to reproduce hadron yield ratios in heavy ion collisions [ref] .
Chemical freeze-out in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at sqrt(s)_NN = 130 and 200 GeV · Thermal Fits · 0.96
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