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Global fitting of single spin asymmetry: an attempt
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 26 Jan 2012
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We show that $\pi^\pm$ SIDIS data and $\pi^0$ STAR data can be well described in a combined TMD and twist-3 fit, however $\pi^\pm$ BRAHMS data are not described in a satisfactory way.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
We present an attempt of global analysis of Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) $\ell p^\uparrow \to \ell' \pi X$ data on single spin asymmetries and data on left-right asymmetry $A_N$ in $p^\uparrow p \to \pi X$ in order to simultaneously extract information on Sivers function and twist-three quark-gluon Efremov-Teryaev-Qiu-Sterman (ETQS) function. We explore different possibilities such as node of Sivers function in $x$ or $k_\perp$ in order to explain "sign mismatch" between these functions. We show that $\pi^\pm$ SIDIS data and $\pi^0$ STAR data can be well described in a combined TMD and twist-3 fit, however $\pi^\pm$ BRAHMS data are not described in a satisfactory way. This leaves open a question to the solution of the "sign mismatch". Possible explanations are then discussed.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | We present an attempt of global analysis of Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) $\ell p^\uparrow \to \ell' \pi X$ data on single spin asymmetries and data on left-right asymmetry $A_N$ in $p^\uparrow p \to \pi X$ in order to simultaneously extract information on Sivers function and twist-three quark-gluon Efremov-Teryaev-Qiu-Sterman (ETQS) function. | contribution 0.99 | 0.88 | 0.10 | asserted 0.92 |
| s1 | We explore different possibilities such as node of Sivers function in $x$ or $k_\perp$ in order to explain "sign mismatch" between these functions. | method 0.60 | 0.76 | 0.04 | hedged possibility 0.65 |
| s2 | We show that $\pi^\pm$ SIDIS data and $\pi^0$ STAR data can be well described in a combined TMD and twist-3 fit, however $\pi^\pm$ BRAHMS data are not described in a satisfactory way. | result 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.47 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | This leaves open a question to the solution of the "sign mismatch". | limitation 0.68 | 0.48 | 0.21 | asserted 0.85 |
| s4 | Possible explanations are then discussed. | interpretation 0.59 | 0.45 | 0.04 | unclear 0.70 |
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The paper
Original abstract
We present an attempt of global analysis of Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) $\ell p^\uparrow \to \ell' \pi X$ data on single spin asymmetries and data on left-right asymmetry $A_N$ in $p^\uparrow p \to \pi X$ in order to simultaneously extract information on Sivers function and twist-three quark-gluon Efremov-Teryaev-Qiu-Sterman (ETQS) function. We explore different possibilities such as node of Sivers function in $x$ or $k_\perp$ in order to explain "sign mismatch" between these functions. We show that $\pi^\pm$ SIDIS data and $\pi^0$ STAR data can be well described in a combined TMD and twist-3 fit, however $\pi^\pm$ BRAHMS data are not described in a satisfactory way. This leaves open a question to the solution of the "sign mismatch". Possible explanations are then discussed.
Human review
References
How the literature uses it
19 arXiv papers cite this in 27 sentences
Papers citing it · 21 sentences without a confident label
Uses its data or values 1 paper
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Below we will come back to that puzzle. * KP input: This input also uses an indirect extraction of $T_F$ based on a new fit of the Sivers function by Kang and Prokudin (KP) [ref] , and the relation in Eq. ([ref]).
Single-spin asymmetries in inclusive deep inelastic scattering and multiparton correlations in the nucleon · Numerical results and discussion · 0.95
Cites it as support 1 paper
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Later work actually gave strong evidence that the QS function could not be the main source of proton-proton SSAs [ref] .
Operator Constraints for Twist-3 Functions and Lorentz Invariance Properties of Twist-3 Observables · Introduction · 0.97
Cites it as background 4 papers
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While there has been many works on the SSA in $p^↑p→πX$ [ref] , there are only a few works on the hyperon polarization in $pp$ collision [ref] .
Hyperon polarization from the twist-3 distribution in the unpolarized proton-proton collision · Introduction · 0.85
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Historically, these distributions have been extracted using semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) [ref] , where polarized TMDs imprint nontrivial angular correlations that link the parton's transverse motion to the nucleon's spin [ref] .
Polarized jet anisotropy at the Electron-Ion Collider · Introduction · 0.96
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They also open a new window to study the validity of QCD factorization theorems and the universality of the associated TMD parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) and/or fragmentation functions (TMDFFs) [ref] .
QCD Evolution of the Sivers Asymmetry · Introduction · 0.87
What it cites · 46 sentences without a confident label
Uses the method or tool of 2 papers
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Following Refs. [ref] , we parametrize both the spin-averaged PDF $f_a/A(x, k_⊥^2)$ and FF $D_h/a(z, p_T^2)$ with a Gaussian form for the transverse components: f_a/A(x, k_⊥^2) = f_a/A(x) 1/πk_⊥^2e^-𝐤_⊥^2/k_⊥^2, D_h/a(z, p_T^2) = D_h/a(z) 1/πp_T^2 e^-𝐩_T^2/p_T^2 , such that they reduce to the usual collinear PDF $f_a/A(x)$ and FF $D_h/a(z)$ once integrated over the transverse momentum.
Sivers Effect for Pion and Kaon Production in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering · Parametrization for the Sivers and ETQS function · 0.98
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Following Refs. [ref] , we parametrize both the spin-averaged PDF $f_a/A(x, k_⊥^2)$ and FF $D_h/a(z, p_T^2)$ with a Gaussian form for the transverse components: f_a/A(x, k_⊥^2) = f_a/A(x) 1/πk_⊥^2e^-𝐤_⊥^2/k_⊥^2, D_h/a(z, p_T^2) = D_h/a(z) 1/πp_T^2 e^-𝐩_T^2/p_T^2 , such that they reduce to the usual collinear PDF $f_a/A(x)$ and FF $D_h/a(z)$ once integrated over the transverse momentum.
The role of Cahn and Sivers effects in Deep Inelastic Scattering · Parametrization for the Sivers and ETQS function · 0.98
Uses data or values from 4 papers
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The twist-3 factorization formula Eqs. ([ref],[ref],[ref]) will be used for $A_N$ data from STAR [ref] and BRAHMS [ref] experiments.
Forward Neutral Pion Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries in p+p Collisions at \sqrt{s}=200 GeV · Description of the data and discussion · 0.96
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As we have emphasized in last subsection, the TMD factorization formula of Eq. [ref] will be used to describe HERMES experiment proton target data [ref] and COMPASS experiments data [ref] on deuteron target.
Collins and Sivers asymmetries for pions and kaons in muon-deuteron DIS · Description of the data and discussion · 0.99
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As we have emphasized in last subsection, the TMD factorization formula of Eq. [ref] will be used to describe HERMES experiment proton target data [ref] and COMPASS experiments data [ref] on deuteron target.
Observation of the Naive-T-odd Sivers Effect in Deep-Inelastic Scattering · Description of the data and discussion · 0.99
Cites as support 3 papers
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It indicates that there should be a sizable and more important contribution from the twist-three fragmentation in the produced hadrons [ref] .
Twist-three Fragmentation Function Contribution to the Single Spin Asymmetry in pp Collisions · Description of the data and discussion · 0.98
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This finding is consistent with the heart of the “sign mismatch” paper [ref] .
An Observation Concerning the Process Dependence of the Sivers Functions · Description of the data and discussion · 0.97
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One such possibility, e.g., a node in $x$ region has already been indicated in Ref. [ref] .
On a possible node in the Sivers and Qiu-Sterman functions · Introduction · 0.97
Cites as background 17 papers
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On the other hand, for processes such as Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) which possesses two characteristic scales, photon's virtuality $Q$ and $P_h⊥$ of the produced hadron, one can use a TMD factorization formalism [ref] in the region $Λ_QCD^2 < P_h⊥^2 ≪Q^2$ and describe asymmetries with TMD functions.
QCD Factorization for Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering at Low Transverse Momentum · Introduction · 0.85
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On the other hand, for processes such as Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) which possesses two characteristic scales, photon's virtuality $Q$ and $P_h⊥$ of the produced hadron, one can use a TMD factorization formalism [ref] in the region $Λ_QCD^2 < P_h⊥^2 ≪Q^2$ and describe asymmetries with TMD functions.
QCD Factorization for Spin-Dependent Cross Sections in DIS and Drell-Yan Processes at Low Transverse Momentum · Introduction · 0.85
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What is written in Eq. [ref] is only the so-called soft gluon pole contribution [ref] , and there could be soft fermion pole contribution [ref] , and also the contribution from the twist-three fragmentation function [ref] .
Single transverse-spin asymmetry in high transverse momentum pion production in pp collisions · Basic TMD and collinear twist-3 factorization formalisms · 0.85
Discussion
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