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Many-Body Interactions of Neutrinos with Nuclei - Observables
Nuclear Theory · Submitted 13 Mar 2012
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim Conclusions: 2p-2h excitations do lead to an increase in the number $n$ of knock-out nucleons for $n \ge 2$ while only the $n=1$ knock-out remains a clean signal of true QE scattering.
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Background: The total inclusive cross sections obtained for quasielastic (QE) scattering in the Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment (MiniBooNE) are significantly larger than those calculated by all models based on the impulse approximation and using the world average value for the axial mass of $M_A \approx 1 \GeV$. This discrepancy has led to various, quite different explanations in terms of increased axial masses, changes in the functional form of the axial form factor, increased vector strength in nuclei, and initial two-particle interactions. This is disconcerting since the neutrino energy reconstruction depends on the reaction mechanism. Purpose: We investigate whether exclusive observables, such as nucleon knock-out, can be used to distinguish between the various proposed reaction mechanisms. We determine the influence of 2p-2h excitations on the energy reconstruction. Method: We use the Giessen Boltzmann--Uehling--Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) model to predict numbers and spectra of knock-out nucleons. The model is extended by incorporating a simple, but realistic treatment of initial 2p-2h excitations. Results: We show numbers and spectra of knock-out nucleons and show their sensitivity to the presence of 2p-2h initial excitations. We also discuss the influence of 2p-2h excitations on the neutrino energy reconstruction. Conclusions: 2p-2h excitations do lead to an increase in the number $n$ of knock-out nucleons for $n \ge 2$ while only the $n=1$ knock-out remains a clean signal of true QE scattering. The spectra of knock-out nucleons do also change, but their qualitative shape remains as before. In the energy reconstruction 2p-2h interactions lead to a downward shift of the reconstructed energy; this effect of 2p-2h excitations disappears at higher energies because the 2p-2h influence is spread out over a wider energy range.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Background: The total inclusive cross sections obtained for quasielastic (QE) scattering in the Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment (MiniBooNE) are significantly larger than those calculated by all models based on the impulse approximation and using the world average value for the axial mass of $M_A \approx 1 \GeV$. | background 1.00 | 0.08 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | This discrepancy has led to various, quite different explanations in terms of increased axial masses, changes in the functional form of the axial form factor, increased vector strength in nuclei, and initial two-particle interactions. | background 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | asserted 0.98 |
| s2 | This is disconcerting since the neutrino energy reconstruction depends on the reaction mechanism. | background 0.89 | 0.05 | 0.02 | asserted 0.97 |
| s3 | Purpose: We investigate whether exclusive observables, such as nucleon knock-out, can be used to distinguish between the various proposed reaction mechanisms. | contribution 0.97 | 0.44 | 0.02 | hedged possibility 0.43 |
| s4 | We determine the influence of 2p-2h excitations on the energy reconstruction. | contribution 1.00 | 0.78 | 0.02 | asserted 0.51 |
| s5 | Method: We use the Giessen Boltzmann--Uehling--Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) model to predict numbers and spectra of knock-out nucleons. | method 1.00 | 0.88 | 0.01 | asserted 0.99 |
| s6 | The model is extended by incorporating a simple, but realistic treatment of initial 2p-2h excitations. | method 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.02 | asserted 0.99 |
| s7 | Results: We show numbers and spectra of knock-out nucleons and show their sensitivity to the presence of 2p-2h initial excitations. | result 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.05 | asserted 1.00 |
| s8 | We also discuss the influence of 2p-2h excitations on the neutrino energy reconstruction. | contribution 0.62 | 0.77 | 0.05 | asserted 0.56 |
| s9 | Conclusions: 2p-2h excitations do lead to an increase in the number $n$ of knock-out nucleons for $n \ge 2$ while only the $n=1$ knock-out remains a clean signal of true QE scattering. | result 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.74 | asserted 1.00 |
| s10 | The spectra of knock-out nucleons do also change, but their qualitative shape remains as before. | result 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.07 | asserted 1.00 |
| s11 | In the energy reconstruction 2p-2h interactions lead to a downward shift of the reconstructed energy; this effect of 2p-2h excitations disappears at higher energies because the 2p-2h influence is spread out over a wider energy range. | result 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.22 | asserted 1.00 |
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The paper
Original abstract
Background: The total inclusive cross sections obtained for quasielastic (QE) scattering in the Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment (MiniBooNE) are significantly larger than those calculated by all models based on the impulse approximation and using the world average value for the axial mass of $M_A \approx 1 \GeV$. This discrepancy has led to various, quite different explanations in terms of increased axial masses, changes in the functional form of the axial form factor, increased vector strength in nuclei, and initial two-particle interactions. This is disconcerting since the neutrino energy reconstruction depends on the reaction mechanism. Purpose: We investigate whether exclusive observables, such as nucleon knock-out, can be used to distinguish between the various proposed reaction mechanisms. We determine the influence of 2p-2h excitations on the energy reconstruction. Method: We use the Giessen Boltzmann--Uehling--Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) model to predict numbers and spectra of knock-out nucleons. The model is extended by incorporating a simple, but realistic treatment of initial 2p-2h excitations. Results: We show numbers and spectra of knock-out nucleons and show their sensitivity to the presence of 2p-2h initial excitations. We also discuss the influence of 2p-2h excitations on the neutrino energy reconstruction. Conclusions: 2p-2h excitations do lead to an increase in the number $n$ of knock-out nucleons for $n \ge 2$ while only the $n=1$ knock-out remains a clean signal of true QE scattering. The spectra of knock-out nucleons do also change, but their qualitative shape remains as before. In the energy reconstruction 2p-2h interactions lead to a downward shift of the reconstructed energy; this effect of 2p-2h excitations disappears at higher energies because the 2p-2h influence is spread out over a wider energy range.
Human review
References
How the literature uses it
22 arXiv papers cite this in 35 sentences
Papers citing it · 25 sentences without a confident label
Uses its method or tool 1 paper
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The vertices for the quasielastic scattering, resonance excitations and background contribution are given in [ref] , those for 2p-2h excitations in [ref] and for DIS in [ref] .
Pion production in the MiniBooNE experiment · Description of initial nucleus · 0.93
Cites it as support 2 papers
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We would also like to point out that the simple phenomenological approach adopted in [ref] to account for the 2p2h effects also reinforces the picture that emerges from the works of Refs. [ref] .
Neutrino Energy Reconstruction and the Shape of the CCQE-like Total Cross Section · Introduction · 0.97
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Nonetheless, it is expected that the primary interaction information is statistically conserved [ref] .
TITUS: the Tokai Intermediate Tank for the Unoscillated Spectrum · Neutron capture with gadolinium · 0.96
Cites it as background 7 papers
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A second complication arises due to the presence of multinucleon events in which the incoming neutrino interacts with, e.g, two nucleons (so-called 2p2h) [ref] .
Sensitivity of octant of $\theta_{23}$, CP violation and mass hierarchy in NO$\nu$A with multinucleon and detector effects · Introduction · 0.84
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Several theoretical works [ref] have analyzed the role of the multinucleon excitations in the evaluation of the neutrino-nucleus cross sections at MiniBooNE, T2K and MINERvA energies.
Assessing the role of nuclear effects in the interpretation of the MiniBooNE low-energy anomaly · Introduction · 0.93
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At the same time, MiniBooNE has also driven significant progress in our understanding of neutrino–nucleus interactions in the Standard Model (SM) [ref] , progress that will also be invaluable for the next generation of neutrino oscillation experiments.
More Ingredients for an Altarelli Cocktail at MiniBooNE · Introduction · 0.87
What it cites · 72 sentences without a confident label
Contests 3 papers
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Nieves et al. have obtained in Ref. [ref] a very good agreement with the energy-separated data, but the QE contribution shown there relies on non-relativistic approximations which are not reliable at the higher neutrino energies.
Inclusive Charged--Current Neutrino--Nucleus Reactions · Introduction · contest 0.78
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On the other hand, the work [ref] does not contain any pion (or $Δ$) degrees of freedom and thus misses part of the lower hump in Fig. [ref].
Neutrino Energy Reconstruction and the Shape of the CCQE-like Total Cross Section · Energy reconstruction · contest 0.72
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This implies that the method to absorb many-body effects into a rescaling of the magnetic (single-particle) electromagnetic form factor of the nucleon leads to incorrect final states if used in a standard event generator as suggested by Bodek et al. [ref] .
Neutrino Quasielastic Scattering on Nuclear Targets: Parametrizing Transverse Enhancement (Meson Exchange Currents) · Nucleon knock-out · contest 0.84
Uses the method or tool of 2 papers
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The procedure for QE and pion-production events is as described in Ref. [ref] ; further details on the GiBUU model can be found in a recent review [ref] .
Transport-theoretical Description of Nuclear Reactions · Basic properties of GiBUU · 0.93
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The procedure for QE and pion-production events is as described in Ref. [ref] ; further details on the GiBUU model can be found in a recent review [ref] .
Charged Current Neutrino Nucleus Interactions at Intermediate Energies · Basic properties of GiBUU · 0.93
Uses data or values from 4 papers
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Both the MiniBooNE and the K2K experiments could obtain good fits to their data in the Fermi-gas model only when the axial mass was considerably increased to $M_A = 1.23$ [ref] or even $M_A = 1.35$; the latter was obtained from a shape-only fit to $σ/Q^2$ [ref] .
Measurement of Muon Neutrino Quasi-Elastic Scattering on Carbon · Introduction · 0.86
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Both the MiniBooNE and the K2K experiments could obtain good fits to their data in the Fermi-gas model only when the axial mass was considerably increased to $M_A = 1.23$ [ref] or even $M_A = 1.35$; the latter was obtained from a shape-only fit to $σ/Q^2$ [ref] .
First Measurement of the Muon Neutrino Charged Current Quasielastic Double Differential Cross Section · Introduction · 0.86
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The world average for the axial mass parameter is found to be $M_A = 1.026$ [ref] .
Axial structure of the nucleon · Introduction · 0.97
Compares with 5 papers
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This agreement with the results of Ref. [ref] as well as the comparison of the results for model I (extreme, phase space only) with those for model II (some physics basis, transverse) shows that the flux-averaging leads to a remarkable insensitivity of the inclusive double-differential cross sections to the input matrix element.
The nucleon axial mass and the MiniBooNE Quasielastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering problem · Inclusive cross sections · 0.97
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The overall agreement reached by fitting one number, the size of the squared matrix element in Eq. ([ref]), is already quite good and certainly better than in much more sophisticated model calculations of the matrix element [ref] .
Meson-exchange currents and quasielastic neutrino cross sections in the SuperScaling Approximation model · Inclusive cross sections · 0.93
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Both of these results agree with the recent analyses by Martini et al. [ref] and with the very recent results of Nieves et al. [ref] .
Neutrino energy reconstruction problems and neutrino oscillations · Energy reconstruction · 0.85
Cites as support 2 papers
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We have shown earlier that such events also are not significantly contaminated by $Δ$ excitations [ref] ; they do miss, however, part of the QE cross section because of charge changing FSI on the outgoing nucleons.
Neutrino-nucleus scattering reexamined: Quasielastic scattering and pion production entanglement and implications for neutrino energy reconstruction · Summary · 0.97
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We note, however, that very recent studies show that RPA effects are neglible for neutrino energies larger than 1 GeV and are much smaller than theoretical uncertainties already for $E_ν> 0.7$ [ref] .
Neutrino Energy Reconstruction and the Shape of the CCQE-like Total Cross Section · Results · 0.97
Cites as background 8 papers
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For a more detailed discussion of these effects see Refs. [ref] .
Neutrino-nucleus scattering reexamined: Quasielastic scattering and pion production entanglement and implications for neutrino energy reconstruction · Energy reconstruction · 0.80
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For a more detailed discussion of these effects see Refs. [ref] .
Neutrino-nucleus interactions in the T2K experiment · Energy reconstruction · 0.80
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At about this time also Bleve et al. used a similar ansatz in their study of the nuclear response to neutrinos in the QE region [ref] .
Effects of nuclear re-interactions in quasi-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering · Introduction · 0.93
Discussion
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