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Excluding Black Hole Firewalls with Extreme Cosmic Censorship
High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 3 Jun 2013
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim I argue that the remaining set of nonsingular realistic states do not have firewalls but yet preserve information in Hawking radiation from black holes that form from nonsingular initial states.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
The AMPS argument for black hole firewalls seems to arise not only from the assumption of local effective field theory outside the stretched horizon but also from an overcounting of internal black hole states that include states that are singular in the past. Here I propose to exclude such singular states by Extreme Cosmic Censorship (the conjectured principle that the universe is entirely nonsingular, except for transient singularities inside black and/or white holes). I argue that the remaining set of nonsingular realistic states do not have firewalls but yet preserve information in Hawking radiation from black holes that form from nonsingular initial states.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | The AMPS argument for black hole firewalls seems to arise not only from the assumption of local effective field theory outside the stretched horizon but also from an overcounting of internal black hole states that include states that are singular in the past. | background 0.95 | 0.11 | 0.05 | hedged possibility 0.61 |
| s1 | Here I propose to exclude such singular states by Extreme Cosmic Censorship (the conjectured principle that the universe is entirely nonsingular, except for transient singularities inside black and/or white holes). | contribution 0.75 | 0.57 | 0.10 | speculative 0.39 |
| s2 | I argue that the remaining set of nonsingular realistic states do not have firewalls but yet preserve information in Hawking radiation from black holes that form from nonsingular initial states. | result 0.97 | 0.70 | 0.89 | asserted 0.95 |
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The paper
Original abstract
The AMPS argument for black hole firewalls seems to arise not only from the assumption of local effective field theory outside the stretched horizon but also from an overcounting of internal black hole states that include states that are singular in the past. Here I propose to exclude such singular states by Extreme Cosmic Censorship (the conjectured principle that the universe is entirely nonsingular, except for transient singularities inside black and/or white holes). I argue that the remaining set of nonsingular realistic states do not have firewalls but yet preserve information in Hawking radiation from black holes that form from nonsingular initial states.
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References
How the literature uses it
38 arXiv papers cite this in 40 sentences
Papers citing it · 21 sentences without a confident label
Compares with it 1 paper
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The main difference between [ref] and [ref] , is that [ref] treats the increase of complexity, not as an absolute law, but as a “quasi-law" in the same sense that the second law of thermodynamics is quasi; entropy almost always increases.
Addendum to Computational Complexity and Black Hole Horizons · Stretching and Extreme Cosmic Censorship · 0.98
Cites it as support 3 papers
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It was proved that firewalls are excluded by Einstein's field equations for black holes of mass exceeding the Planck mass [ref] , and demonstrated that the AMPS argument is based on an over-counting of internal black hole states including those that are singular in the past [ref] .
Resolution to the firewall paradox: The black hole information paradox and highly squeezed interior quantum fluctuations · introduction · 0.99
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The horizon destroys any initial entanglement due to the random thermal noise and nothing more dramatic or unconventional is really needed, see Refs. [ref] for complementary arguments.
Icezones instead of firewalls: extended entanglement beyond the event horizon and unitary evaporation of a black hole · Conclusions · 0.97
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See [ref] for one argument for justifying this assumption.
Qubit Transport Model for Unitary Black Hole Evaporation without Firewalls · Qualitative Description of Our Qubit Model · 1.00
Cites it as background 15 papers
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This so-called "firewall" has been discussed [ref] .
Thought Experiment to resolve the Black Hole Information Paradox · Introduction · 0.89
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Recently, a modern interpretation of the information-loss paradox, known as the “firewall” problem [ref] (also see [ref] for earlier versions and [ref] for a sample of the related literature).
Phases of information release during black hole evaporation · Introduction · 1.00
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For a non-exclusive reference of other recent approaches and arguments to find the origin of the problem see the papers [ref] .
On the Origin of Black Hole Paradoxes · Introduction · 0.96
What it cites · 26 sentences without a confident label
Uses data or values from 2 papers
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(Incidentally, the Planck+highL+WMAP+BAO satellite and other data [ref] give the mean observed value of the asymptotic de Sitter entropy of our universe, $S_dS = A/4 = 3π/Λ$, as being within 0.32%, or within $1/11$ of a standard deviation of about 3.7%, of $5^3 2^400$, which is a useful mnemonic, along with the fact that the present age of the universe is, within about $1/50$ of a standard deviation of about 2.7%, $1.6 π 2^200$ in Planck units, the fact that within $1/70$ of a standard deviation the cosmological constant $Λ$ is $1/(10 Gyr)^2 = 10^-20$yr$^-2$, the fact that within $1/8$ of a standard deviation the cosmological constant is also ten square attohertz or $10 aHz^2 = 10^-35$s$^-2$, the fact that the present cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) temperature is, within a bit less than one standard deviation of about 0.02%, $2^-100/41$ in units of the Planck temperature $T_
Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters · Introduction · 0.98
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(Incidentally, the Planck+highL+WMAP+BAO satellite and other data [ref] give the mean observed value of the asymptotic de Sitter entropy of our universe, $S_dS = A/4 = 3π/Λ$, as being within 0.32%, or within $1/11$ of a standard deviation of about 3.7%, of $5^3 2^400$, which is a useful mnemonic, along with the fact that the present age of the universe is, within about $1/50$ of a standard deviation of about 2.7%, $1.6 π 2^200$ in Planck units, the fact that within $1/70$ of a standard deviation the cosmological constant $Λ$ is $1/(10 Gyr)^2 = 10^-20$yr$^-2$, the fact that within $1/8$ of a standard deviation the cosmological constant is also ten square attohertz or $10 aHz^2 = 10^-35$s$^-2$, the fact that the present cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) temperature is, within a bit less than one standard deviation of about 0.02%, $2^-100/41$ in units of the Planck temperature $T_
Cosmic Mnemonics · Introduction · 0.98
Compares with 2 papers
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As the revisions of this paper were being finished, Leonard Susskind sent me an email saying, “I think we are on the same Page,” and noting that Extreme Cosmic Censorship is closely related to the `stretching criterion' in his recent papers on “Computational Complexity and Black Hole Horizons” [ref] : “Black holes are formed in such a way that the complexity of the state increases.” The main difference is that Susskind allows complexity to decrease in rare circumstances, analogous to violations of the second law of thermodynamics, whereas my Extreme Cosmic Censorship is meant to be put forward as an absolute restriction in the set of realistic quantum states.
Computational Complexity and Black Hole Horizons · Introduction · 0.98
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As the revisions of this paper were being finished, Leonard Susskind sent me an email saying, “I think we are on the same Page,” and noting that Extreme Cosmic Censorship is closely related to the `stretching criterion' in his recent papers on “Computational Complexity and Black Hole Horizons” [ref] : “Black holes are formed in such a way that the complexity of the state increases.” The main difference is that Susskind allows complexity to decrease in rare circumstances, analogous to violations of the second law of thermodynamics, whereas my Extreme Cosmic Censorship is meant to be put forward as an absolute restriction in the set of realistic quantum states.
Addendum to Computational Complexity and Black Hole Horizons · Introduction · 0.98
Cites as background 118 papers
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Almheiri, Marolf, Polchinski, and Sully (AMPS) [ref] have given a provocative argument that suggests that an “infalling observer burns up at the horizon” of a sufficiently old black hole, so that the horizon becomes what they called a “firewall.” A brief form of the argument is the following: The assumptions of unitary evolution and of local effective field theory outside the stretched horizon suggest that at late times the Hawking radiation is maximally entangled with what is just outside the remaining black hole.
Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls? · Introduction · 0.83
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The AMPS argument has elicited a large number of responses (including a few [ref] to forms of the argument realized even before the AMPS paper), some of which appear to support the firewall idea [ref] , others seem rather agnostic or ambivalent [ref] , and yet others of which raise skepticism about it [ref] .
Models for unitary black hole disintegration · Introduction · 0.92
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The AMPS argument has elicited a large number of responses (including a few [ref] to forms of the argument realized even before the AMPS paper), some of which appear to support the firewall idea [ref] , others seem rather agnostic or ambivalent [ref] , and yet others of which raise skepticism about it [ref] .
Quantum Mechanics, Spacetime Locality, and Gravity · Introduction · 0.92
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