RECORD
Qubit Transport Model for Unitary Black Hole Evaporation without Firewalls
High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 15 Jul 2016
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We give an explicit toy qubit transport model for transferring information from the gravitational field of a black hole to the Hawking radiation by a continuous unitary transformation of the outgoing radiation and the black hole gravitational field.
The compiled record
The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.
Open the compiled record
The abstract, sentence by sentence
We give an explicit toy qubit transport model for transferring information from the gravitational field of a black hole to the Hawking radiation by a continuous unitary transformation of the outgoing radiation and the black hole gravitational field. The model has no firewalls or other drama at the event horizon, and it avoids a counterargument that has been raised for subsystem transfer models as resolutions of the firewall paradox. Furthermore, it fits the set of six physical constraints that Giddings has proposed for models of black hole evaporation. It does utilize nonlocal qubits for the gravitational field but assumes that the radiation interacts locally with these nonlocal qubits, so in some sense the nonlocality is confined to the gravitational sector. Although the qubit model is too crude to be quantitively correct for the detailed spectrum of Hawking radiation, it fits qualitatively with what is expected.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | We give an explicit toy qubit transport model for transferring information from the gravitational field of a black hole to the Hawking radiation by a continuous unitary transformation of the outgoing radiation and the black hole gravitational field. | contribution 0.97 | 0.93 | 0.61 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | The model has no firewalls or other drama at the event horizon, and it avoids a counterargument that has been raised for subsystem transfer models as resolutions of the firewall paradox. | result 0.65 | 0.81 | 0.25 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | Furthermore, it fits the set of six physical constraints that Giddings has proposed for models of black hole evaporation. | result 0.85 | 0.71 | 0.09 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | It does utilize nonlocal qubits for the gravitational field but assumes that the radiation interacts locally with these nonlocal qubits, so in some sense the nonlocality is confined to the gravitational sector. | method 0.53 | 0.78 | 0.07 | asserted 0.95 |
| s4 | Although the qubit model is too crude to be quantitively correct for the detailed spectrum of Hawking radiation, it fits qualitatively with what is expected. | limitation 1.00 | 0.71 | 0.08 | asserted 0.65 |
What was examined, and what was not
- arXiv listing abstract v5
- full text
- figures and tables
- references and citing sentences
- relations to other papers
- P abstract
- S sections
- T body sentences
- C citations
- R cross-paper relations
The paper
Original abstract
We give an explicit toy qubit transport model for transferring information from the gravitational field of a black hole to the Hawking radiation by a continuous unitary transformation of the outgoing radiation and the black hole gravitational field. The model has no firewalls or other drama at the event horizon, and it avoids a counterargument that has been raised for subsystem transfer models as resolutions of the firewall paradox. Furthermore, it fits the set of six physical constraints that Giddings has proposed for models of black hole evaporation. It does utilize nonlocal qubits for the gravitational field but assumes that the radiation interacts locally with these nonlocal qubits, so in some sense the nonlocality is confined to the gravitational sector. Although the qubit model is too crude to be quantitively correct for the detailed spectrum of Hawking radiation, it fits qualitatively with what is expected.
Human review
References
How the literature uses it
10 arXiv papers cite this in 16 sentences
Papers citing it · 7 sentences without a confident label
Cites it as support 1 paper
-
An abstract realization of this information-recovery process is recently demonstrated in [ref] .
A self-consistency check for unitary propagation of Hawking quanta · The information paradox · 0.98
Cites it as background 6 papers
-
In parallel, quantum circuit models have emerged as powerful toy frameworks for studying information flow during black hole evaporation [ref] , providing discrete, unitary evolutions in which entanglement structure can be tracked explicitly.
A Quantum Circuit Model of Black Hole Evaporation with Tunable Semi-Causality Violation · Introduction · 0.91
-
The recent paper by Osuga and Page [ref] provides an abstract framework of how modifying Statement Three resolves the paradox.
A self-consistency check for unitary propagation of Hawking quanta · Black Hole Information Paradox · 0.87
-
Osuga and Page considered a qubit model which allows information to escape and was argued to be free of firewalls [ref] .
What can we learn about islands and state paradox from quantum information theory? · Osuga-Page firewall-free qubit model · 0.80
What it cites · 4 sentences without a confident label
Compares with 3 papers
-
Nomura and his colleagues also have a model [ref] with some similarities to ours.
Relativeness in Quantum Gravity: Limitations and Frame Dependence of Semiclassical Descriptions · Introduction · 0.95
-
Nomura and his colleagues also have a model [ref] with some similarities to ours.
The Black Hole Interior in Quantum Gravity · Introduction · 0.95
-
Nomura and his colleagues also have a model [ref] with some similarities to ours.
Why Firewalls Need Not Exist · Introduction · 0.95
Cites as support 1 paper
-
See [ref] for one argument for justifying this assumption.
Excluding Black Hole Firewalls with Extreme Cosmic Censorship · Qualitative Description of Our Qubit Model · 1.00
Cites as background 36 papers
-
Giddings [ref] has proposed a list of physical constraints on models of black hole evaporation.
Black holes, quantum information, and unitary evolution · Giddings' Physical Conditions · 0.90
-
If one believes in local quantum field theory outside a black hole and also that one would not experience extreme harmful conditions (`drama') immediately upon falling into any black hole sufficiently large that the curvature at the surface would not be expected to be dangerous, then recent papers by Almheiri, Marolf, Polchinski, and Sully (AMPS) [ref] , and by them and Stanford (AMPSS) [ref] , give a new challenge to unitarity, as they argued that unitarity, locality, and no drama are mutually inconsistent.
An Apologia for Firewalls · Introduction · 0.86
-
If one believes in local quantum field theory outside a black hole and also that one would not experience extreme harmful conditions (`drama') immediately upon falling into any black hole sufficiently large that the curvature at the surface would not be expected to be dangerous, then recent papers by Almheiri, Marolf, Polchinski, and Sully (AMPS) [ref] , and by them and Stanford (AMPSS) [ref] , give a new challenge to unitarity, as they argued that unitarity, locality, and no drama are mutually inconsistent.
Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls? · Introduction · 0.86
Discussion
Know something about this paper? Leave a comment, or highlight any passage above to comment on it.