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Dark matter and collider signatures of the MSSM

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 6 Jun 2013 · 158 references

Pith's verdict: A competent p9MSSM global fit whose headline window is narrower than the abstract implies, but the Sigma_piN treatment of XENON100 is genuinely worth having.

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arXiv ID1306.1567 (version 3)
Pith ID5X3AWKP7, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationAndrew Fowlie, Enrico Maria Sessolo, Kamila Kowalska, Leszek Roszkowski, Yue-Lin Sming Tsai. "Dark matter and collider signatures of the MSSM." arXiv:1306.1567 (2013). https://pith.science/paper/5X3AWKP7
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The paper

The paper claims

A nine-parameter version of supersymmetry still leaves a narrow window where a neutralino can be the dark matter, satisfy the muon magnetic-moment anomaly, and escape the LHC's electroweak searches.

The reading

The paper asks whether the minimal supersymmetric standard model, stripped down to nine free parameters at the supersymmetry scale, can still produce a neutralino that is the dark matter and simultaneously survive every current measurement. The authors build a global likelihood from the Planck relic density, the 125.8 GeV Higgs mass, flavour observables, the muon anomalous magnetic moment, the XENON100 direct-detection bound, and their own reimplementation of two LHC searches at $8$ TeV. Their answer is yes, but only in a corridor: requiring the muon anomaly at $2σ$ pushes the neutralino below about $500$ GeV, while the CMS search for chargino–neutralino production with three leptons and missing energy pushes it above about $200$ GeV. A second result concerns nuclear physics: using a newer, smaller value of the pion–nucleon $Σ$ term ($43±12$ MeV from CHAOS data) makes the XENON100 bound far less statistically damaging than it looked with older, larger values. The paper is a map of what is still allowed, not a discovery.

What carries the argument

The argument runs on a profile-likelihood analysis of about $1.8×10^6$ MultiNest-sampled points, in which each point is passed through spectrum calculation, flavour and dark-matter codes, and then through purpose-built likelihoods for the experiments. Two of those likelihoods carry the weight. The first is an on-the-fly reimplementation of the CMS $α_T$ inclusive search and the CMS $3l+E_T^{miss}$ electroweak search: signal events are generated with PYTHIA 6.4, passed through a tuned PGS4 detector simulation, and compared to the published observed and background yields with a Poisson likelihood. The second is a XENON100 likelihood that separates an experimental Poisson part (two observed events, background marginalised at $b=1$, $δb=0.2$) from a theoretical part, and then profiles over $Σ_{πN}$ with a Gaussian, so that each point floats to whichever $Σ_{πN}$ maximises its likelihood. The authors are explicit about the cost of the electroweak search: because so many points are affected, that likelihood is computed only on a randomly chosen sample of roughly $40{,}000$ points, and the validation against the official simplified-model limit leaves a chargino-mass discrepancy of up to about $50$ GeV.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that the p9MSSM — the MSSM with nine free parameters $M_2$, $M_3$, $m_{Q_3}$, $m_{L_3}$, $A_t$, $A_τ$, $m_A$, $μ$, $��β$ — retains a viable neutralino dark matter candidate that satisfies the Planck relic density, the measured Higgs mass, $b$-physics constraints, and the muon $g-2$ anomaly at $2σ$, while not being excluded by the strongest LHC search for electroweakino pair production. The upper edge of the allowed range comes from $δ(g-2)_μ$, which in this parametrization depends only on the neutralino mass once the other constraints are applied; the lower edge comes from the CMS $3l+E_T^{miss}$ search at $8$ TeV with $9.2$ fb$^{-1}$. The resulting window is $200$ GeV $≲ m_χ ≲ 500$ GeV. Separately, the authors show that a recent determination of the pion–nucleon $Σ$ term, $Σ_{πN}=43±12$ MeV, shrinks the excluded region from XENON100 to a small set of mixed bino/higgsino points near $m_χ ≃ 60$–$90$ GeV; with the older $Σ_{πN}=66±6$ MeV the mixed region is almost entirely excluded. They note a residual tension: the best-fit $χ^2$ with all constraints combined is slightly worse than with either $g-2$ or XENON100 alone.

Load-bearing premise

The lower edge of the allowed window rests entirely on the authors' own simulation of the CMS three-lepton plus missing-energy search, which is validated only to within about 50 GeV in chargino mass, uses leading-order cross sections that differ from the experimental ones by a factor of about 1.8, and is applied to a randomly chosen 2 percent of the scan.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • If the window is real, the $14$ TeV LHC run should close it: the authors state that the higher-energy run will definitely probe the $200$–$500$ GeV neutralino region.
  • A future XENON1T or LUX null result would strike at the mixed bino/higgsino composition that the surviving region relies on, even under the more forgiving $Σ_{πN}$ value.
  • If $Σ_{πN}$ settles near the older $66$ MeV value rather than the CHAOS $43$ MeV value, most of the mixed gaugino/higgsino parameter space is excluded at $95\%$ confidence by XENON100 alone.
  • The surviving points predict spin-dependent cross sections within reach of the five-year IceCube-86 sensitivity, so solar neutrino searches offer an independent handle on the same region.
  • The three benchmark points — gaugino-like at $70$ GeV, mixed at $211$ GeV, higgsino-like at $1.36$ TeV — give concrete targets for gamma-ray and positron searches, though matching AMS02 positron data would need boost factors of order $60$–$120$.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The lower edge of the window is not an experimental number in any direct sense: it is the output of the authors' own detector simulation and Poisson comparison, so a reader should treat $200$ GeV as a soft boundary whose position moves with the reimplementation, not as a published limit.
  • Because the electroweak likelihood was applied to only about $2\%$ of the scan, the quoted window is a statement about a thinned sample; a full application could in principle shift the lower edge or reveal excluded pockets inside the window that the sampling missed.
  • The paper's treatment of $Σ_{πN}$ as a profiled nuisance parameter is a template that generalises: any direct-detection bound quoted against supersymmetric models inherits a comparable factor-of-five spread in the spin-independent cross section from hadronic inputs alone.
  • The reported tension between $g-2$ and XENON100 is a two-sided squeeze: improving the $g-2$ measurement's precision would tighten the upper edge, while a deeper direct-detection limit would remove the mixed-composition points that sit near the lower edge.
Original abstract

We explore the MSSM with 9 free parameters (p9MSSM) that have been selected as a minimum set that allows an investigation of neutralino dark matter and collider signatures while maintaining consistency with several constraints. These include measurement of the dark matter relic density from PLANCK, main properties of the discovered Higgs boson, LHC direct SUSY searches, recent evidence for a Standard Model-like BR(Bs -> \mu+ \mu-), and the measurement of \delta(g-2), plus a number of other electroweak and flavor physics constraints. We perform a simulation of two LHC direct SUSY searches at sqrt(s)=8 TeV: the CMS inclusive \alpha_T search for squarks and gluinos and the CMS electroweak production search with 3l+E_T^miss in the final state. We use the latter to identify the regions of the parameter space, consistent at 2\sigma\ with \delta(g-2), that are not excluded by the direct limits from the electroweak production. We find that they correspond to a neutralino mass in the window 200 GeV<m_\chi<500 GeV. We also implement the likelihood for the XENON100 exclusion bound, in which we consider for the first time the impact of a recent determination of the \Sigma_{\pi N} term from CHAOS data, \Sigma_{\pi N}=43\pm12 MeV. We show that in light of this measurement, the present statistical impact of the XENON100 bound is greatly reduced, although future sensitivities of the LUX and XENON1T experiments will have decisive impact on the mixed bino/higgsino composition of the neutralino. We point out some tension between the constraints from \delta(g-2) and XENON100. Finally, we present prospects for various indirect searches of dark matter, namely \gamma-ray fluxes from dSphs and the Galactic Center at Fermi-LAT, and the positron flux at AMS02. We also show the 5-year sensitivity on the spin-dependent neutralino-proton cross section due to neutrino fluxes from the Sun at IceCube.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 8,068 input tokens, $0.0003 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.50 · states limitation 0.80 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.04 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.98 · compares with prior results 0.36 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We explore the MSSM with 9 free parameters (p9MSSM) that have been selected as a minimum set that allows an investigation of neutralino dark matter and collider signatures while maintaining consistency with several constraints. These include measurement of the dark matter relic density from PLANCK, main properties of the discovered Higgs boson, LHC direct SUSY searches, recent evidence for a Standard Model-like BR(Bs -> \mu+ \mu-), and the measurement of \delta(g-2), plus a number of other electroweak and flavor physics constraints. We perform a simulation of two LHC direct SUSY searches at sqrt(s)=8 TeV: the CMS inclusive \alpha_T search for squarks and gluinos and the CMS electroweak production search with 3l+E_T^miss in the final state. We use the latter to identify the regions of the parameter space, consistent at 2\sigma\ with \delta(g-2), that are not excluded by the direct limits from the electroweak production. We find that they correspond to a neutralino mass in the window 200 GeV<m_\chi<500 GeV. We also implement the likelihood for the XENON100 exclusion bound, in which we consider for the first time the impact of a recent determination of the \Sigma_{\pi N} term from CHAOS data, \Sigma_{\pi N}=43\pm12 MeV. We show that in light of this measurement, the present statistical impact of the XENON100 bound is greatly reduced, although future sensitivities of the LUX and XENON1T experiments will have decisive impact on the mixed bino/higgsino composition of the neutralino. We point out some tension between the constraints from \delta(g-2) and XENON100. Finally, we present prospects for various indirect searches of dark matter, namely \gamma-ray fluxes from dSphs and the Galactic Center at Fermi-LAT, and the positron flux at AMS02. We also show the 5-year sensitivity on the spin-dependent neutralino-proton cross section due to neutrino fluxes from the Sun at IceCube.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We explore the MSSM with 9 free parameters (p9MSSM) that have been selected as a minimum set that allows an investigation of neutralino dark matter and collider signatures while maintaining consistency with several constraints. contribution 0.80 0.77 0.04 asserted 0.98
s1 These include measurement of the dark matter relic density from PLANCK, main properties of the discovered Higgs boson, LHC direct SUSY searches, recent evidence for a Standard Model-like BR(Bs -> \mu+ \mu-), and the measurement of \delta(g-2), plus a number of other electroweak and flavor physics constraints. method 0.68 0.08 0.02 asserted 0.96
s2 We perform a simulation of two LHC direct SUSY searches at sqrt(s)=8 TeV: the CMS inclusive \alpha_T search for squarks and gluinos and the CMS electroweak production search with 3l+E_T^miss in the final state. method 0.91 0.94 0.03 asserted 0.99
s3 We use the latter to identify the regions of the parameter space, consistent at 2\sigma\ with \delta(g-2), that are not excluded by the direct limits from the electroweak production. method 0.79 0.90 0.09 asserted 0.79
s4 We find that they correspond to a neutralino mass in the window 200 GeV<m_\chi<500 GeV. result 1.00 0.96 0.26 asserted 1.00
s5 We also implement the likelihood for the XENON100 exclusion bound, in which we consider for the first time the impact of a recent determination of the \Sigma_{\pi N} term from CHAOS data, \Sigma_{\pi N}=43\pm12 MeV. method 0.56 0.83 0.05 asserted 0.99
s6 We show that in light of this measurement, the present statistical impact of the XENON100 bound is greatly reduced, although future sensitivities of the LUX and XENON1T experiments will have decisive impact on the mixed bino/higgsino composition of the neutralino. interpretation 0.62 0.82 0.15 asserted 0.98
s7 We point out some tension between the constraints from \delta(g-2) and XENON100. result 0.56 0.77 0.09 asserted 0.95
s8 Finally, we present prospects for various indirect searches of dark matter, namely \gamma-ray fluxes from dSphs and the Galactic Center at Fermi-LAT, and the positron flux at AMS02. contribution 0.91 0.83 0.05 asserted 0.94
s9 We also show the 5-year sensitivity on the spin-dependent neutralino-proton cross section due to neutrino fluxes from the Sun at IceCube. result 0.58 0.85 0.04 asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: simulation study 1.00 · evidence from simulation or computation 0.87.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v3
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

Figures
Figure 1. Our αT likelihood as a function of sparticle masses in (a) SMS Model T1 and (b) SMS Model T2bb. Points that are excluded at 3σ are shown as gray dots, at 2σ as cyan circles, and at 1σ as blue triangles. The 95% C.L. limit from CMS (solid green line) is also shown to facilitate a comparison with our result (boundary of cyan circles and blue triangles). In this paper we apply the results from two different searches: CMS inclusive search for SUSY final states with large missing transverse energy and b-quark jets in √ s = 8 TeV pp collisions with the variable αT [65]; and direct EW…
Figure 2. Our EW-production likelihood as a function of neutralino and chargino masses. Points
Figure 3. The spin-independent neutralino-proton scattering cross section versus the pion-nucleon
Figure 4. p9MSSM points scattered in the (mχ, σ SI p ) plane assuming (a) ΣπN = 43 ± 12 MeV and (b) ΣπN = 66±6 MeV. The XENON100 90% C.L. exclusion contour is shown in solid black. Points excluded through the likelihood of Eq. (8) at the 90% C.L. (δχ2 > 4.61) are shown as gray crosses. All the points in the plots satisfy the constraints from LEP, αT , Higgs mass, PLANCK, and flavor physics. In
Figure 5. (a) Scatter plot of p9MSSM points in the (
Figure 6. p9MSSM points that are allowed at 2σ by the basic constraints in the (mχ, σ SI p ) plane. The points consistent at 2σ with the basic and XENON100 constraints are divided by the com￾position of the neutralino: gaugino-like (green squares), mixed (blue circles), or higgsino-like (red stars). Points excluded at the 95% C.L. by basic+XENON100 are shown as gray crosses. (a) ΣπN = 43 ± 12 MeV, (b) ΣπN = 66 ± 6 MeV. through t-channel exchange of higgsino-like χ ± 1 and/or χ 0 2 . This is the p9MSSM equivalent of the focus point/hyperbolic branch (FP/HB) region of the CMSSM [119, 120], and…
Figure 7. (a) p9MSSM points scattered in the (mχ, mµ˜) plane. Points with a χ 2 from the (g − 2)µ constraint of greater than 4 are shown with gray crosses. Points with χ 2 < 1 and 1 < χ2 < 4 are shown with purple squares and orange circles, respectively. Points compatible with both (g − 2)µ and basic at 2σ are shown with light green circles. (b) p9MSSM points scattered in the (mν˜µ , m χ ± 1 ) plane. The color code is the same as in (a). and 7(b), the points for which the basic set of constraints is satisfied together with δ (g − 2)µ at 2σ are shown as green empty circles. One can identify…
Figure 8. Our chargino-neutralino pair production (EW) likelihood in the (
Figure 9. (a) 68.3% (blue points) and 95.0% (cyan diamonds) confidence regions for the
Figure 10. p9MSSM points allowed at 2σ by the basic constraints in the (mχ, σv) plane. The points consistent at 2σ with the basic and XENON100 constraints are shown for different composition of the neutralino: gaugino-like (green squares), mixed (blue circles), or higgsino-like (red stars). (a) ΣπN = 43 ± 12 MeV, (b) ΣπN = 66 ± 6 MeV. also be as low as 0.6. Different mechanism of di-photon rate enhancement were discussed in the literature, including the effects of the light staus [13] or light charginos [128]. In our scan, di-photon rate enhancement is in general a combination of different…
Figure 11. (a) p9MSSM points consistent with the basic and XENON100 constraints at 2σ in the (mχ, σv) plane. The γ-ray flux boost factor BF is indicated by the different colors: points with BF > 20 are shown with gray circles, 10 < BF < 20 with orange squares, and BF < 10 with green diamonds. (b) The expected γ-ray flux distribution above the background from the GC for three p9MSSM points (shown in
Figure 12. (a) p9MSSM points allowed at 2σ by the basic constraints in the (mχ, Nµ) plane. The points consistent at 2σ with the basic and XENON100 (ΣπN = 43 ± 12 MeV) constraints are characterized by the composition of the neutralino: gaugino-like (green squares), mixed (blue circles), or higgsino-like (red stars). The expected 95% C.L. sensitivity of IceCube-86 with 5 years of data is shown with a horizontal solid line. (b) Same as (a), but with ΣπN = 66 ± 6 MeV. (c) p9MSSM points consistent at 2σ with the basic and XENON100 (ΣπN = 43±12 MeV) constraints in the (mχ, σ SD p ) plane. The points
Figure 13. Positron flux fraction from dark matter annihilation in the Galactic halo versus the
Figure 14. Breakdown of χ 2 at the best-fit points in four likelihood combinations. Note that while in each plot all contributions are plotted, only specific contributions were minimized in each case. Contributions that were (were not) minimized are shown with red, darker (green, lighter) bars. The procedure for identifying these points is described in the text. The total χ 2 in each case is marked with a vertical dashed red line. 5 Summary and conclusions In this paper we have performed a global statistical analysis of a parametrization of the MSSM with 9 free parameters defined at the SUSY s
Figure 15. Best-fitting mass spectra of the p9MSSM in four likelihood combinations (red stars),
Figure 16. The Boltzmann factor, κ (dashed thin in black), and the annihilation cross section, σv (solid thin in red), versus effective neutralino momentum (p = |~p2| = | ~p1| for annihilating neutralinos labelled χ1χ2) for four p9MSSM points for which the neutralino relic density is achieved via distinct mechanisms: (a) Higgs resonance, (b) A-funnel, (c) ∼ 1 TeV higgsino, and (d) the focus point with mixed-composition neutralinos. The thermally averaged cross section, which is σv weighted by κ, hσvi ann. abund. (applicable to neutralino annihilation in the early Universe), is shown with a…

Figures reproduced from arXiv:1306.1567 by the authors.

References
How the literature uses it

52 arXiv papers cite this in 97 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 55 sentences without a confident label

Builds on it 2 papers
Uses its method or tool 10 papers
Uses its data or values 3 papers
  • For each scenario we create a sample of more than 5000 points subject to the following constraints, whose central values are taken from Table 2 of Ref. [ref] and the uncertainties are obtained from the same table by adding the experimental and theoretical errors in quadrature. and are always satisfied at $2σ$.[With respect to Table 2 of Ref. [ref] , the measured value of was very recently updated by the LHCb and CMS Collaborations [ref] .

    Natural MSSM after the LHC 8 TeV run · Naturalness in the MSSM · 0.98

  • The limits are given in Eq. (2) of Ref. [ref] , with the exception of the limit on the neutralino mass that has been replaced here by the LEP limit on the invisible $Z$ width, $Γ(Z→χχ)$ [ref] .

    GUT-inspired SUSY and the muon g-2 anomaly: prospects for LHC 14 TeV · GUT-defined models and experimental constraints · 0.88

  • The limits are given in Eq. (2) of Ref. [ref] , with the exception of the limit on the neutralino mass that has been replaced here by the LEP limit on the invisible $Z$ width, $Γ(Z→χχ)$ [ref] .

    Prospects for dark matter searches in the pMSSM · Scanning methodology and experimental constraints · 0.82

Compares with it 1 paper
Cites it as support 2 papers
Cites it as background 15 papers

What it cites · 118 sentences without a confident label

Builds on 2 papers
Uses the method or tool of 17 papers
Uses data or values from 8 papers
Compares with 3 papers
Cites as support 7 papers
  • However, such a possibility is confined to a very fine-tuned region of the parameter space, which is essentially ruled out by the direct search limits on the lightest Higgs $h$ and the pseudo-scalar Higgs $A$ and other experimental constraints from flavor physics [ref] .

    MSSM Higgs Bosons at The LHC · Statistical treatment of experimental constraints · 0.98

  • However, such a possibility is confined to a very fine-tuned region of the parameter space, which is essentially ruled out by the direct search limits on the lightest Higgs $h$ and the pseudo-scalar Higgs $A$ and other experimental constraints from flavor physics [ref] .

    Implications of 98 GeV and 125 GeV Higgs scenario in non-decoupling SUSY with updated ATLAS, CMS and PLANCK data · Statistical treatment of experimental constraints · 0.98

  • However, such a possibility is confined to a very fine-tuned region of the parameter space, which is essentially ruled out by the direct search limits on the lightest Higgs $h$ and the pseudo-scalar Higgs $A$ and other experimental constraints from flavor physics [ref] .

    MSSM Higgs Boson Searches at the LHC: Benchmark Scenarios after the Discovery of a Higgs-like Particle · Statistical treatment of experimental constraints · 0.98

Cites as background 22 papers

Discussion

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