Emergence of Spontaneously Broken Supersymmetry on an Anti-D3-Brane in KKLT dS Vacua

Renata Kallosh; Timm Wrase

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Emergence of Spontaneously Broken Supersymmetry on an Anti-D3-Brane in KKLT dS Vacua

Renata Kallosh, Timm Wrase

High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 5 Nov 2014 · 25 references

Pith's verdict: The flat-space doubling/cancellation algebra is correct and the general-Dp WZ-to-Volkov-Akulov result in Appendix A is the real new content; the single-goldstino identification at the compactified level is asserted, not derived.

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CitationRenata Kallosh, Timm Wrase. "Emergence of Spontaneously Broken Supersymmetry on an Anti-D3-Brane in KKLT dS Vacua." arXiv:1411.1121 (2014). https://pith.science/paper/BZ7SCFC4

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The thing to know up front: the flat-space computation holds, and the general-Dp statement in Appendix A is the genuinely new result. The KKLT-uplift interpretation is a plausible extension of it, not something this paper proves outright. The reader's CONDITIONAL verdict is about right, and the stress-test's concern lands, though the abstract is a bit less unqualified than the note suggests — it does name R^{9,1} explicitly, so the flat-space scope is at least stated. What it doesn't say is that the single-goldstino identification is the unproven step. That's the real gap between abstract and body. What's new and solid: the observation that the standard kappa gauge (1±σ3)θ=0 is incompatible with the O3 projection, so the WZ term cannot be gauged away in an orientifolded background. That's the pivot, and it's correct. From there the algebra is standard VA manipulation: DBI reduces to the determinant (3.6), WZ integrates to the same determinant (3.13), and the two add for anti-D3 (3.16) and cancel for D3 (3.18). Appendix A does this for general p and reproduces the D9 result of Bergshoeff et al. and Riccioni analytically rather than computationally. That's a real contribution, checkable line by line. Where it's soft: Sec. 3.1. Splitting the 16-component λ into an SU(3) singlet and triplet and then saying 'if the compactification ... removes the λ_i' is a conditional, not a derivation. Two things are missing: that the O3 projection commutes with the CY3 holonomy reduction so it removes exactly the triplet, and that the surviving singlet's normalization reproduces M^4 in (1.4). The authors flag this in Sec. 4 ('postponed to future studies'), so they know. Minor: the reinterpretation of Uranga's result — fermions surviving on the anti-D3 at the O3 fixed point as goldstinos rather than as a pathology — is a nice reading, consistent with Polchinski's textbook remark, but asserted rather than argued in detail. Who should read it: anyone using the nilpotent multiplet in dS or inflation model building who wants to know where it comes from. Short, self-contained, worth a referee's time.

Referee report

Significance

If the flat-space result holds, it supplies a string-theoretic origin for the nilpotent chiral multiplet that replaces the explicitly supersymmetry-breaking uplifting term of Eq. (1.2) with a spontaneous-breaking term of the form M^4/(rho + rho-bar)^3 in Eq. (1.4). The derivation is explicit and checkable: the incompatibility of the standard kappa gauge with the O3 projection, the DBI-to-VA reduction, the Wess-Zumino-to-VA identity, and the doubling-versus-cancellation for anti-D3 versus D3 all follow from standard Volkov-Akulov algebra, and the Dp generalization in Appendix A reproduces the published D9 results. The paper is a useful and well-motivated bridge between brane physics and the d=4 nilpotent-multiplet construction, and the flat-space computation is the part that carries the claim.

Major objections (3)

[Section 3.1, Eqs. (3.22)-(3.25)] The step that converts the 16-component spinor lambda into a single d=4 goldstino lambda_0 is stated conditionally: the text says 'if the compactification on the CY3 manifold together with the orientifold projection removes the lambda_i(s), then we end up with a model with N=1 VA supersymmetry.' The abstract (abstract:s1, abstract:s4), however, states the emergence of the nilpotent chiral multiplet on the anti-D3 world-volume unconditionally. The authors do acknowledge that the CY3 discussion goes beyond the scope of the paper, so the issue is not that the step is unproven but that the abstract and discussion do not carry the conditional. A concrete test would be to show that the O3 projection, which in flat space is a ten-dimensional condition theta_1 = Gamma_0123 theta_2, commutes with the SU(3) holonomy reduction and projects out precisely the triplet lambda_i rather than some mixture of singlet and triplet. Either that derivation should be supplied, or the abstract and the Discussion should be softened to match the conditional in Section 3.1.
[Eq. (1.4) versus Eqs. (3.16) and (3.26)] The identification of the Volkov-Akulov goldstino with the nilpotent multiplet S of Eq. (1.3) is made at the level of field content and symmetry, but the coefficient M^4 in Eq. (1.4) is not derived from the brane tension. The paper claims to provide a string-theoretic explanation for the supersymmetric uplifting term, and the coefficient is part of what that term is. A concrete check would be to compute the coefficient of det E in Eq. (3.16) in terms of the D3-brane tension tau_3 and the warp factor, and to compare it with M^4 in Eq. (1.4). If the normalization is not fixed by the present computation, the paper should say so explicitly and state what additional input (warping, compactification volume, brane tension) would be needed to match M^4.
[Section 3, Eq. (3.18)] The claim that the D3-brane action vanishes entirely, including the fermions, is presented as a manifestation of the orientifold projection. For a D3-brane on top of an O3^- plane the standard world-volume theory is USp(2) super Yang-Mills with gaugini in the adjoint, so the fermions are not normally projected out. The paper should clarify whether the vanishing in Eq. (3.18) is a statement about the truncated action with the specific projection (1 - Gamma-tilde)theta = 0 and the additional truncation F = 0, Pi^I = 0, or about the full D3 world-volume theory. A concrete comparison with the known USp(2) spectrum of a D3 on an O3^- plane would settle whether the truncation used here is the orientifold projection itself or an additional truncation imposed on top of it.

Minor objections (8)

[Title page and Eqs. (1.2), (1.4)] There are several typographical issues: 'Timm W rase' should read 'Timm Wrase'; 'word-volume' should read 'world-volume'; 'K¨ ahler' should read 'Kähler'; 'R9,1' should read 'R^{9,1}'; 'S¯S' should read 'S S-bar'; and the exponents in Eqs. (1.2) and (1.4) appear as superscripts where denominators are intended, i.e. D/(rho + rho-bar)^3 and M^4/(rho + rho-bar)^3.
[Eq. (2.1)] The relative sign convention between the DBI term and the Wess-Zumino term q times the integral of Omega_4 should be stated explicitly, since the doubling-versus-cancellation result depends on it.
[Eq. (3.4)] The reduction of the kappa-symmetry matrix Gamma to Gamma-tilde = sigma_3 sigma_1 Gamma_D3(0) under the truncation should be shown in one or two intermediate steps, or a reference should be given, since this identity is used repeatedly in Section 3.
[Eq. (3.9)] The sign and index conventions in the identity Gamma_{m'1 m'2 m'3} = epsilon_{m'1 m'2 m'3 m'0} Gamma^{m'0} Gamma_D3(0) should be stated, as the subsequent integration to Eq. (3.13) depends on them.
[Section 3.1] The statement that only the singlet zeta_0 is covariantly constant on a CY3 manifold should cite ref. [23] explicitly at that point rather than only in the reference list.
[Abstract] The abstract specifies 'For an O3 orientifold involution of R^{9,1}', but the paper's actual computation is in flat space without warping; the abstract should state this restriction explicitly so that the scope of the result is clear.
[Eq. (3.26)] The factor e^K in the Einstein-frame anti-D3 action and the accompanying statement S_D3 = 0 should be explained, since the vanishing of the D3 action in Einstein frame is a stronger statement than the flat-space cancellation of Eq. (3.18).
[Section 3, discussion of refs. [19],[20]] The paper notes that the analysis of ref. [20] was linear and qualified the presence of fermions without bosons as breaking all supersymmetries, and contrasts this with the present non-linear analysis. A sentence explaining precisely how the non-linear VA action evades the linearized conclusion of ref. [20] would help the reader.

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The paper

The paper claims

The anti-D3-brane's Wess-Zumino term, once gauge-fixed in a way compatible with the orientifold projection, becomes a Volkov-Akulov goldstino action, so the KKLT uplifting term is the bosonic shadow of spontaneously broken supersymmetry.

The reading

The KKLT construction builds de Sitter vacua by adding an anti-D3-brane, but the resulting uplifting term was historically written into the four-dimensional supergravity by hand, as an explicit and therefore non-supersymmetric breaking. This paper argues that no explicit breaking is needed: the anti-D3-brane carries a Volkov-Akulov goldstino on its world-volume, and that goldstino is exactly what a nilpotent chiral superfield describes in the effective supergravity. The mechanism is a choice of how to fix the kappa symmetry of the brane action. The gauge conventionally used makes the Wess-Zumino term vanish, but that gauge is incompatible with the orientifold projection that produces N=1 supersymmetry in four dimensions; the compatible gauge keeps the Wess-Zumino term, and it then equals the Volkov-Akulov action. For an anti-D3-brane the Dirac-Born-Infeld and Wess-Zumino terms add, giving twice the Volkov-Akulov action; for a D3-brane they cancel, giving zero. That sign flip is the field-theoretic counterpart of the well-known statement that only the anti-brane uplifts.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the orientifold-compatible kappa-symmetry gauge choice, $(1+q\tilde\Gamma)\theta=0$, where $\tilde\Gamma=\sigma_3\sigma_1\Gamma^{0123}$ is the simplified kappa matrix at $F=0$, $\Pi^I=0$. The standard gauge $(1\pm\sigma_3)\theta=0$ kills the Wess-Zumino term but does not commute with the O3 involution $\Gamma_O=i\sigma_2\Gamma^{0123}$; the compatible gauge does commute, and the Wess-Zumino 5-form $q\tilde I_5$ then becomes a total derivative. The conversion is carried by the four-dimensional gamma identity $\Gamma^{m'_1m'_2m'_3}=\varepsilon^{m'_1m'_2m'_3m'_0}\Gamma_{m'_0}\Gamma^{(0)}_{D3}$, which lets the fermion bilinear $\bar\theta\Gamma_{m'_0}q\tilde\Gamma d\theta$ be rewritten as $dE_{m'_0}$ and integrated to $-\det E$. The same 1-forms $E^{m'}$ appear in the DBI determinant, so the two terms become literally the same functional, and only their relative sign decides whether they add or cancel.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper's central claim is that the DBI and Wess-Zumino parts of a D3-brane action, evaluated with an orientifold-compatible truncation $(1+q\tilde\Gamma)\theta=0$ together with $F_{\mu\nu}=0$ and $\Pi^I_\mu=0$, each reduce to the Volkov-Akulov determinant built from the 1-forms $E^{m'}=dX^{m'}+\bar\lambda\Gamma^{m'}d\lambda$. Because the two terms enter with relative sign $q$, an anti-D3-brane ($q=-1$) gives $-2\int\det E$, a doubled Volkov-Akulov action, while a D3-brane ($q=+1$) gives zero. The authors present this as the string-theoretic origin of the nilpotent chiral multiplet in the effective supergravity with $W=W_0+Ae^{-a\rho}-M^2S$, $K=-3\ln(\rho+\bar\rho)+S\bar S$ at $S^2=0$, whose potential reproduces the KKLT potential plus $M^4/(\rho+\bar\rho)^3$. The general $p$-brane version of the statement is argued in the appendix, which also explains the earlier computational finding for the D9-brane.

Load-bearing premise

The step from the flat-space, single-brane, unwarped computation to a real KKLT compactification assumes that compactifying on a Calabi-Yau threefold together with the orientifold projection removes the SU(3)-triplet spinors and leaves only the singlet, so that the surviving action is a single-goldstino Volkov-Akulov theory; the text states this conditionally and postpones warped, fluxed, many-brane settings to future work.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

The uplifting term $D/(\rho+\bar\rho)^3$ of the KKLT effective supergravity acquires a supersymmetric origin: it is the scalar potential descended from the nilpotent multiplet $S$ rather than a term inserted by hand.
The distinction between a D3-brane and an anti-D3-brane, which the KKLT construction requires but which the standard kappa gauge erases, is recovered as a relative sign between two equal Volkov-Akulov actions.
The Wess-Zumino term of any D$p$-brane, with the corresponding orientifold projection, becomes a Volkov-Akulov action, which reproduces and generalizes the earlier D9-brane computation.
Because the nilpotent multiplet has no fundamental scalar, the uplifting sector introduces no new modulus that would need stabilizing in cosmological or de Sitter model building.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

If the identification holds, the sign of the orientifold projection is a discrete choice that decides which of the brane/anti-brane pair survives with a goldstino, which suggests the uplifting term is protected by a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ rather than by the details of the flux background.
The same doubling-versus-cancellation bookkeeping should apply to the force balance on a slowly moving brane: the factor of two between gravity and five-form attraction for the anti-brane and their cancellation for the brane would then be the bosonic part of a statement about the goldstino kinetic term.
A natural check is whether the Volkov-Akulov action obtained here matches the nilpotent-multiplet action at the level of the goldstino self-couplings, not only at the level of the potential; a mismatch in the four-fermion terms would show the dictionary is incomplete.
If the SU(3)-triplet spinors survive compactification, the world-volume theory would carry more than one goldstino, which would point to a different effective supergravity rather than to the single nilpotent multiplet used in the cosmological models.

Original abstract

The KKLT construction of de Sitter vacua includes an uplifting term coming from an anti-D3-brane. Here we show how this term can arise via spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry, based on the emergence of a nilpotent chiral supermultiplet on the world-volume of the anti-D3-brane. We establish and use the fact that both the DBI as well as the WZ term, with account of orientifolding, acquire a form of the Volkov-Akulov action. For an O3 orientifold involution of $\mathbb{R}^{9,1}$ we demonstrate the cancellation between the fermionic parts of the DBI and WZ term for the D3-brane action. For the anti-D3-brane we show that the DBI action and the WZ action combine and lead to the emergence of the goldstino multiplet which is responsible for spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry. This provides a string theoretic explanation for the supersymmetric uplifting term in the KKLT effective supergravity model supplemented by a nilpotent chiral multiplet.

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.05 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.03 · compares with prior results 0.22 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

The KKLT construction of de Sitter vacua includes an uplifting term coming from an anti-D3-brane. Here we show how this term can arise via spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry, based on the emergence of a nilpotent chiral supermultiplet on the world-volume of the anti-D3-brane. We establish and use the fact that both the DBI as well as the WZ term, with account of orientifolding, acquire a form of the Volkov-Akulov action. For an O3 orientifold involution of $\mathbb{R}^{9,1}$ we demonstrate the cancellation between the fermionic parts of the DBI and WZ term for the D3-brane action. For the anti-D3-brane we show that the DBI action and the WZ action combine and lead to the emergence of the goldstino multiplet which is responsible for spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry. This provides a string theoretic explanation for the supersymmetric uplifting term in the KKLT effective supergravity model supplemented by a nilpotent chiral multiplet.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	The KKLT construction of de Sitter vacua includes an uplifting term coming from an anti-D3-brane.	background 1.00	0.05	0.03	asserted 1.00
s1	Here we show how this term can arise via spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry, based on the emergence of a nilpotent chiral supermultiplet on the world-volume of the anti-D3-brane.	contribution 0.98	0.94	0.75	asserted 0.99
s2	We establish and use the fact that both the DBI as well as the WZ term, with account of orientifolding, acquire a form of the Volkov-Akulov action.	result 0.63	0.86	0.11	asserted 1.00
s3	For an O3 orientifold involution of $\mathbb{R}^{9,1}$ we demonstrate the cancellation between the fermionic parts of the DBI and WZ term for the D3-brane action.	result 0.64	0.90	0.05	asserted 1.00
s4	For the anti-D3-brane we show that the DBI action and the WZ action combine and lead to the emergence of the goldstino multiplet which is responsible for spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry.	result 0.93	0.95	0.46	asserted 1.00
s5	This provides a string theoretic explanation for the supersymmetric uplifting term in the KKLT effective supergravity model supplemented by a nilpotent chiral multiplet.	interpretation 0.99	0.75	0.68	asserted 0.99

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 1.00.

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sources read

arXiv listing abstract v2

not examined

full text
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levels run

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References

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Chiral Global Embedding of Fibre Inflation Models
hep-th 2017-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A Calabi-Yau orientifold with four Kähler moduli, a suitable D7-brane and flux choice, and one Fayet-Iliopoulos term reduces to a chiral fibre-inflation model whose Kähler cone bounds tightly limit the inflaton range.
Towards de Sitter from 10D
hep-th 2017-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The single-condensate KKLT vacuum cannot be uplifted to de Sitter because the 10D on-shell potential stays negative under the anti-brane backreaction, while racetrack stabilization can evade this.
Global Embedding of Fibre Inflation Models
hep-th 2016-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

An explicit toric Calabi-Yau orientifold with h^{1,1}=3, a K3 fibration and a shrinkable del Pezzo divisor is shown to reproduce the fibre inflation potential from string loop corrections.
Inflation from Nilpotent K\"ahler Corrections
hep-th 2016-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Kähler potential mixing between a nilpotent superfield and a bulk modulus can drive inflation and, in hyperbolic geometry, yields α-attractor predictions.
The Goldstino Brane, the Constrained Superfields and Matter in N=1 Supergravity
hep-th 2016-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The goldstino brane and constrained superfield descriptions of spontaneously broken N=1 supergravity with matter are shown to be equivalent, with the brane picture additionally producing a gravitino mass term and repr...
String Theory Origin of Constrained Multiplets
hep-th 2016-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

After field redefinitions, the D3-brane worldvolume fields obey standard Volkov-Akulov non-linear supersymmetry and can be packaged into constrained N=1 superfields S, Y^i, W_alpha, H^i.
Global String Embeddings for the Nilpotent Goldstino
hep-th 2015-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Two explicit Calabi-Yau compactifications are built that embed the nilpotent Goldstino (an anti-D3-brane on an O3-plane at a warped conifold tip) globally, one via an F-theory construction and one by retrofitting an e...
Brane induced supersymmetry breaking and de Sitter supergravity
hep-th 2015-11 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Coupling a space-filling 3-brane's Volkov-Akulov goldstino to minimal N=1 supergravity yields a de Sitter vacuum whose cosmological constant is brane tension minus three times the gravitino mass squared.
Properties of Nilpotent Supergravity
hep-th 2015-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

A nilpotent constraint on the supergravity curvature multiplet yields a goldstino of gravitational origin, dual to Volkov-Akulov supergravity, and restricts the allowed matter couplings.
Inflation and Uplifting with Nilpotent Superfields
hep-th 2014-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A class of supergravity models with nilpotent chiral superfields simultaneously produces chaotic inflation and a tiny positive vacuum energy, unifying early-universe inflation with late-time cosmic acceleration.
The tension between 10D supergravity and dS uplifts
hep-th 2018-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

The flattening effects that allegedly prevent anti-brane uplifting from producing de Sitter vacua also apply to Silverstein-Saltman flux uplifting, and AdS vacua with parametrically large mass gaps are conjectured to ...
A New Class of de Sitter Vacua in Type IIB Large Volume Compactifications
hep-th 2017-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A new class of metastable de Sitter vacua in type IIB large volume compactifications is constructed, with positive vacuum energy from small flux-induced supersymmetry breaking and no anti-brane uplift.
$\overline{D3}$ Induced Geometric Inflation
hep-th 2017-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Any desired inflationary potential can be reverse-engineered into the Kähler geometry of a nilpotent anti-D3-brane superfield, giving a unified supergravity model-building recipe with free cosmological constant and gr...
Maximal Supersymmetry and B-Mode Targets
hep-th 2017-04 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A superpotential that pins seven moduli to a common value turns the seven-disk geometry of maximal supergravity into a family of alpha-attractor inflationary models predicting r between 10^-3 and 10^-2.
Component action of nilpotent multiplet coupled to matter in 4 dimensional ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity
hep-th 2015-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

The authors obtain closed-form on-shell component actions for a nilpotent chiral multiplet coupled to a matter multiplet in global and local N=1 supersymmetry, including higher-order Goldstino-matter-gravitino interactions.
$\overline{\rm D3}$ and dS
hep-th 2015-02 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

In a GKP flux background the anti-D3 brane's DBI and WZ terms double while the D3 brane's cancel, and primitive (2,1) flux gives the SU(3) fermion triplet a mass while leaving the singlet goldstino massless.
Remarks on brane and antibrane dynamics
hep-th 2014-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Effective field theory plus a quantized Page-charge argument show that a single antibrane in a flux background has no zero-temperature instability beyond the known NS5-brane instanton.
The landscape, the swampland and the era of precision cosmology
hep-th 2018-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

Current cosmological data constrain the exponential quintessence slope to lambda less than about 1.02 at 3 sigma, which excludes every string theory quintessence model proposed to support the swampland conjecture, all...
Robust Inflation from Fibrous Strings
hep-th 2016-03 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

In type IIB large-volume compactifications with a fibration modulus as the inflaton, the potential shape forces r = 3 alpha (n_s - 1)^2 with alpha of order unity, capping r near 0.01 across the generalisations the aut...
$\alpha $-Attractors: Planck, LHC and Dark Energy
hep-th 2015-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A family of supergravity models reproduces known inflation and dark-energy observables while leaving the gravitino mass and the tensor-to-scalar ratio free, so future B-mode and collider data can pin them down.
Brane/antibrane dynamics and KKLT stability
hep-th 2015-09 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

Polchinski argues that none of the published objections overturn the KKLT de Sitter construction, because the correct effective field theories at each scale leave the antibrane stable and reproduce the original four-d...
Moduli Stabilization in String Theory
hep-th 2023-10 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

This is a review of moduli stabilization in string compactifications, organizing the KKLT and Large Volume Scenario constructions, their extensions to other string theories, and their cosmological and particle-physics...

How the literature uses it

109 arXiv papers cite this in 211 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 153 sentences without a confident label

Contests it 1 paper

Meanwhile, the latest critical discussions of string theory dS construction in [ref] rely on the 33-year-old no-go theorem [ref] , and do not even mention the advanced versions of the KKLT construction [ref] .

The landscape, the swampland and the era of precision cosmology · No-go theorems for de Sitter? · contest 0.75

Builds on it 3 papers

Here we will develop a new approach to these issues, building upon [ref] and the recent series of papers on inflation with nilpotent chiral multiplets [ref] .

Inflation, de Sitter Landscape and Super-Higgs effect · Introduction · 0.99
In the previous section we generalized the work of [ref] to a more general background, and found several interesting features.

Fermions on the Anti-Brane: Higher Order Interactions and Spontaneously Broken Supersymmetry · Probe $D7$ in a GKP Background · 0.99
which generalizes the choice in [ref] . “Critical” potential wells are special, and the reader is referred to [ref] for some amusing details. 12pt

Supersymmetry and Inflation · Sgoldstino-less Models vs String Theory: Climbing Scalars · 0.92

Uses its method or tool 4 papers

This allows us to group all the fields precisely as done in [ref] .

Fermions on the Anti-Brane: Higher Order Interactions and Spontaneously Broken Supersymmetry · Fermions in $4d$ and spontaneous SUSY breaking in a GKP background · 0.82
An additional tool we use here is a nilpotent multiplet $S$, representing an uplifting $D3$-brane, [ref] . de Sitter supergravity [ref] is a local version of non-linearly realized global Volkov-Akulov supersymmetry [ref] .

Planck 2018 and Brane Inflation Revisited · A nilpotent multiplet in $α$-attractors · 0.95
Here we use the more recent analysis and notation of [ref] and [ref] (we will however set $α'=1$).

String Theory Origin of Constrained Multiplets · The generic D3-brane action and its symmetries · 0.87

Compares with it 2 papers

This matches the results for anti-D3 branes in supersymmetric backgrounds of [ref] .

Constrained superfields on metastable anti-D3-branes · At the north pole · 0.99
Despite its simple form, the model [ref] is equivalent to [ref] and its pure $X$ sector coincides with the one of [ref] .

Fayet-Iliopoulos terms in supergravity without gauged R-symmetry · Emergence of non-linear realizations · 0.83

Cites it as support 4 papers

This puts the conclusions of [ref] , and its implications for KKLT, on solid footing.

Fermions on the Anti-Brane: Higher Order Interactions and Spontaneously Broken Supersymmetry · Outline of the paper · 0.98
This expectation was confirmed explicitly by putting the anti-brane on top of an orientifold 3-plane in an $N=1$ flux background [ref] .

Constrained superfields on metastable anti-D3-branes · Introduction · 0.98
Indeed there is evidence [ref] that non-supersymmetric constructions (like physics localized on an antibrane within Type IIB string vacua) are well-described in the low-energy theory in terms of 4D supergravity coupled to a nilpotent goldstino field $X$.

Who's Afraid of the Supersymmetric Dark? The Standard Model vs Low-Energy Supergravity · Primordial fluctuations and inflation · 1.00

Cites it as background 38 papers

Here we give a short review of [ref] .

$\overline{\rm D3}$ and dS · Bar D3 and D3 in a flat superspace background, with orientifolding · 0.96
The four-dimensional effective field theory of non-perturbative volume stabilization and anti-D3 brane supersymmetry-breaking within $N=1$ supergravity was first developed in [ref] .

The tension between 10D supergravity and dS uplifts · Four-dimensional argument · 0.96
The original version of the KKLT scenario in the formulation where the anti-D3 brane is represented via a nilpotent multiplet $S$ is given by [ref] W= W_0 +Ae^-aT + bS , and the potential which can be either K=-3log(T+T̅ ) +S S̅, or K=-3log(T+T̅ -S S̅) .

4d models of dS uplift in KKLT · Model v1 · 0.90

What it cites · 40 sentences without a confident label

Builds on 1 paper

This construction, developing the one proposed in [ref] , explains how the manifestly supersymmetric effective action based on the and superpotential in ModelN provides the supersymmetric version of the KKLT construction.

Cosmology with Nilpotent Superfields · Discussion · 0.94

Uses the method or tool of 2 papers

Here we will describe it using the formalism in the flat supergravity background in [ref] .

Brane Effective Actions, Kappa-Symmetry and Applications · Classical actions for D3 and anti-D3 branes · 0.93
Here we will describe it using the formalism in the flat supergravity background in [ref] .

Gauge-Invariant and Gauge-Fixed D-Brane Actions · Classical actions for D3 and anti-D3 branes · 0.93

Cites as background 2 papers

Recently, a systematic construction of metastable de Sitter vacua in a broad class of string theory motivated supergravity models was performed in [ref] .

Analytic Classes of Metastable de Sitter Vacua · Introduction · 0.95
We also like to mention here the relevant earlier work [ref] .

Soft branes in supersymmetry-breaking backgrounds · Compactification · 0.99

Discussion

Disagree with the review, or know something it missed? Leave a comment, highlight any passage above to comment on it, or challenge this review formally.

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