Knocking on New Physics' door with a Scalar Resonance

Admir Greljo; Dario Buttazzo; David Marzocca

REVIEW

Knocking on New Physics' door with a Scalar Resonance

Dario Buttazzo, Admir Greljo, David Marzocca

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 15 Dec 2015 · 31 references

Pith's verdict: A clean, honest interpretation paper: the 'new colored states required' argument holds up, and the one real soft spot is the hand-rolled reconstruction of the ATLAS signal strength.

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arXiv ID1512.04929 (version 3)

Pith IDRXO6SL6I, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationAdmir Greljo, Dario Buttazzo, David Marzocca. "Knocking on New Physics' door with a Scalar Resonance." arXiv:1512.04929 (2015). https://pith.science/paper/RXO6SL6I

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Editor's note

read the letter

The thing to know first: the real contribution here is not the effective Lagrangian in Sec. 2, which is standard dimension-five couplings of a scalar to gluon and photon field strengths. It is two other things. First, Eq. (5), the combined 8+13 TeV signal strength of (4.6 ± 1.2) fb, obtained by fitting both energies to one parameter using the gluon-fusion luminosity ratio R_pp ≈ 4.7. Second, the argument in Sec. 2 that top and W loops alone cannot produce the rate: BR(S→γγ) is essentially independent of c_t, so fitting the signal forces c_t ≳ 50 and Γ(S→tt̄) ~ 8 TeV, which is absurd for a narrow resonance. I checked that arithmetic and it is right, and the escape routes through c_V and c_b are correctly closed. That is a genuinely useful model-independent statement, and it is the sentence [abstract:s2] the abstract leads with for good reason.

Referee report

Significance

The paper is a timely and well-organized contribution to the early interpretation of the 750 GeV excess. Its strengths are the clean effective parametrization, the explicit survey of 8 TeV constraints collected in Table 1 and translated into model-independent branching-ratio limits in Fig. 2, and the sharp, falsifiable statement that SM loops are insufficient. The arithmetic behind that statement is robust: with only c_t, both the production cross section and Γ(γγ) scale as c_t^2, so B(γγ) is fixed and the fit forces an unphysically large width. The framework yields concrete correlated predictions for Zγ, ZZ, and WW (Eq. 26) and identifies tt̄ and invisible channels as the places where a large width must appear (Sec. 4.2), which is exactly the kind of guidance Run-II needs. The paper is also honest about the tentativeness of the excess and about the tension in the composite-Higgs interpretation (Sec. 5.4).

Major objections (2)

[Sec. 1, Eqs. (2) and (5)] The ATLAS signal strength in Eq. (2) is reconstructed from the observed limit and the 3.6σ local significance via a Poissonian whose explicit form is not given, and the ~60% fiducial acceptance for gluon-fusion production is quoted from an unspecified Monte Carlo. Since Eq. (5) is the input to every subsequent fit (Figs. 3 and 4), the reader cannot reproduce the central value or judge its robustness. Please state the likelihood form and the acceptance estimate, and show the sensitivity of the preferred regions in Fig. 3 to a ±1σ shift in μ_13. The qualitative 'new particles required' conclusion is robust to this, but the quantitative contours are not currently reproducible.
[Sec. 3, Table 1, Fig. 2] Several acceptance and efficiency factors that directly determine the bounds in Table 1 and Fig. 2 are quoted without supporting detail: the ~60% fiducial acceptance for gg→S in the ATLAS diphoton search, the ~70% fiducial fraction for the Zγ search (Eq. 17), and the factor ~3 improvement in acceptance-times-efficiency for a 750 GeV monojet signal relative to the 300 GeV case (Eq. 20). These factors enter the limits at the tens-of-percent level and therefore propagate into the branching-ratio ceilings of Fig. 2. Please specify the generator, PDF set, shower, and applied cuts, or at minimum quantify the uncertainty on each factor and indicate how it affects the corresponding entry in Table 1.

Minor objections (10)

[Sec. 5.4, Eq. (38)] The displayed formula B(S→pNGB) ≲ 4.0 c_G^2 appears to have the coupling dependence inverted: the numerical examples that follow (16% for c_G = 5, 4% for c_G = 10) correspond to 4.0/c_G^2. The argument of Sec. 5.4 is unaffected because the numbers are correct, but the formula should be corrected.
[Sec. 2, Eq. (13)] The matching in Eq. (13) uses the full loop functions for the top and W (which are complex at m_S = 750 GeV, above both thresholds), whereas the production cross section in Eq. (8) is obtained with the heavy-top-limit K-factor. A sentence on the consistency of these two approximations and on the size of the resulting uncertainty would be helpful.
[Sec. 5.5] The sentence 'loops of top squarks can increase the sizable only marginally' is missing a word; presumably 'the width' or 'the rate' was intended.
[Fig. 3] The blue lines showing the vector-like quark predictions for electric charges 5/3, 2/3, and 1/3 are not identified in the caption; the reader must infer the correspondence from the text.
[Sec. 2, Eq. (10)] The numerical value of α_s(m_S) used in Eq. (10) and in the width estimates should be stated explicitly, since the quoted coefficient 4.1 × 10^-3 depends on it.
[Sec. 2, Eq. (8)] The quoted uncertainty of ±1 fb (about 8%) on the 8 TeV cross section appears small compared with typical NNLO scale uncertainties for gluon fusion at this mass; please state the source of this error estimate.
[Sec. 1] The parton-luminosity ratios R_pp = 4.7, 2.5, and 2.7 are quoted from Ref. [5] without specifying the PDF set and order; a brief footnote would make the comparison reproducible.
[Table 1] The ATLAS entry for the gg channel is blank. If no ATLAS dijet limit at 750 GeV was used, a footnote explaining why would clarify whether the CMS bound alone is sufficient.
[Sec. 5.2] The bound sinθ ≲ 2 × 10^-3 c_γγ is derived assuming B(S→ZZ) ≈ 25%; this assumption should be stated explicitly in the sentence that quotes the bound.
[Sec. 1] The statement that the ATLAS 8 TeV limit improves by a factor ~1.3 for a scalar relative to the RS graviton case is an estimate; the basis for this factor should be given, since it enters Eq. (3).

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The paper

The paper claims

The paper argues that if the 750 GeV diphoton bump is a gluon-fused scalar, Standard Model top and W loops cannot produce it, so new colored and charged particles are required.

The reading

The paper asks whether the excess of diphoton events near 750 GeV seen by ATLAS and CMS in early 13 TeV data can be a new scalar resonance. It combines the 8 and 13 TeV limits into a single signal strength of $4.6$ fb under the assumption of gluon-fusion production, and finds that this is compatible with the earlier run. The central argument is that the Standard Model top and $W$ loops are far too weak: fitting the rate with a top coupling alone would require $c_t$ above 50 and an unphysical width $S$ to $t$ and anti-$t$ of about 8 TeV. Therefore, if the bump is real and produced mainly through gluons, new colored and charged particles must enter the loops. The paper then maps the consequences for the total width and for several concrete models.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing device is a minimal effective Lagrangian for a neutral scalar $S$ coupling to gluons and photons through dimension-five operators proportional to $c_G$ and $c_{gamma gamma}$, or their pseudo-scalar analogues, with the production cross sections and partial widths expressed in terms of those coefficients. Matching to heavy fermions in the loop, $c_G=sum_i g_{*i} m_S/M_i$ and $c_{gamma gamma}=frac{2}{3}sum_i g_{*i} m_S/M_i N_c^i Q_i^2$, turns the fit into a statement about the quantum numbers and masses of new particles. The paper uses this matching to show that the top and $W$ loops are insufficient, and then to translate the diphoton signal into preferred regions in the $(c_G,c_B)$ and $(c_G,c_{gamma gamma})$ planes for the two width scenarios.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

Under the hypothesis that the 750 GeV diphoton excess is a scalar or pseudo-scalar resonance produced by gluon fusion, the paper shows in a model-independent effective framework that the Standard Model alone cannot supply the required $gg$ to $S$ to $gamma gamma$ rate. The effective couplings $c_G$ and $c_{gamma gamma}$ are generated at loop level, and the known top and $W$ contributions fall short by a wide margin; a top-only explanation would need $c_t$ above 50, implying a multi-TeV width into $t$ and anti-$t$. The paper's positive statement is that additional new colored and charged particles are required, and it organizes the phenomenology into a loop-only case with MeV-scale width and an extra-width case where tree-level decays dominate and the total width is a free parameter. It checks the proposal against Run-I searches for $gg$, $ZZ$, $WW$, $Z gamma$, $hh$, $t$ and anti-$t$, and invisible final states, and finds the loop-only case can fit with order-one couplings while the extra-width case needs large couplings and extra decays into $t$ and anti-$t$ or invisible states.

Load-bearing premise

The entire chain rests on the 750 GeV diphoton bump being a real resonance rather than a background fluctuation and on its production being dominated by gluon fusion.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

If the resonance has only loop-induced decays, the diphoton excess can be fit with order-one effective couplings and a width in the MeV range, while correlated $Z gamma$, $ZZ$, and $WW$ signals are predicted with ratios set by the single parameter $R_{WB}=c_W/c_B$.
If the resonance has a sizable extra width, the gluon and photon couplings must be large, and a width around 20 GeV cannot be accounted for mainly by Standard Model gauge bosons; the allowed extra decays are into $t$ and anti-$t$ or invisible states.
A single vector-like quark with electric charge 5/3 or 2/3 can generate the required loop couplings for reasonable couplings and masses near the TeV scale, so vector-like quark signatures are expected at the LHC.
A composite Higgs bidoublet $(2,2)_{2/3}$ can produce the large couplings needed in the extra-width case, but its couplings to Higgs and longitudinal $W$ and $Z$ bosons are constrained by the $ZZ$ search.
The minimal supersymmetric Standard Model has difficulty reaching the observed rate, while a type-II two-Higgs-doublet model with additional light charged and colored states can accommodate it.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The paper's new-particles conclusion is conditional on the excess surviving; a disappearance in more data would turn the framework into a null-result template rather than evidence for new physics.
Because the loop-only case predicts fixed ratios among $Z gamma$, $ZZ$, and $WW$ signals, a future measurement of any one of those channels would discriminate between the loop-only and extra-width interpretations even before a direct discovery.
If the required colored and charged mediators are near the TeV scale, direct searches for vector-like quarks or exotic charged fermions should have a realistic chance of finding them during Run II.
The same effective-coupling fit can be reused for any future diphoton resonance; the statement that top and $W$ loops are insufficient is a benchmark for how much new matter a diphoton rate implies at a given mass.

Original abstract

We speculate about the origin of the recent excess at ~750 GeV in diphoton resonance searches observed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments using the first 13 TeV data. Its interpretation as a new scalar resonance produced in gluon fusion and decaying to photons is consistent with all relevant exclusion bounds from the 8 TeV LHC run. We provide a simple phenomenological framework to parametrize the properties of the new resonance and show in a model-independent way that, if the scalar is produced in gluon fusion, additional new colored and charged particles are required. Finally, we discuss some interpretations in various concrete setups, such as a singlet (pseudo-) scalar, composite Higgs, and the MSSM.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,686 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.40 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.08 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.49 · compares with prior results 0.60 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We speculate about the origin of the recent excess at ~750 GeV in diphoton resonance searches observed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments using the first 13 TeV data. Its interpretation as a new scalar resonance produced in gluon fusion and decaying to photons is consistent with all relevant exclusion bounds from the 8 TeV LHC run. We provide a simple phenomenological framework to parametrize the properties of the new resonance and show in a model-independent way that, if the scalar is produced in gluon fusion, additional new colored and charged particles are required. Finally, we discuss some interpretations in various concrete setups, such as a singlet (pseudo-) scalar, composite Higgs, and the MSSM.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We speculate about the origin of the recent excess at ~750 GeV in diphoton resonance searches observed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments using the first 13 TeV data.	contribution 0.49	0.16	0.09	speculative 1.00
s1	Its interpretation as a new scalar resonance produced in gluon fusion and decaying to photons is consistent with all relevant exclusion bounds from the 8 TeV LHC run.	interpretation 0.53	0.26	0.22	hedged possibility 0.95
s2	We provide a simple phenomenological framework to parametrize the properties of the new resonance and show in a model-independent way that, if the scalar is produced in gluon fusion, additional new colored and charged particles are required.	contribution 0.74	0.93	0.61	asserted 0.98
s3	Finally, we discuss some interpretations in various concrete setups, such as a singlet (pseudo-) scalar, composite Higgs, and the MSSM.	contribution 0.68	0.75	0.09	asserted 0.63

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.81 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.54.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v3

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

Figures

**Figure 1.** Reconstructed likelihoods as a function of µ13TeV of the diphoton resonance searches at 8 TeV (dashed) and 13 TeV (dotted-dashed) by CMS (red) and ATLAS (blue). The combination (solid-black) is obtained when interpreting the resonance as a narrow-width (pseudo)scalar particle produced via gluon fusion. the phenomenological implications for both cases: negligible and sizable width (compared to the resolution). In the rest of the paper we entertain the possibility that the excess is due to a new scalar (or pseudo-scalar) resonance. In Sec. 2 we introduce a simplified effective…

**Figure 2.** Upper limits at 95% CL on B(S → XX), where XX = Zγ, ZZ, WW, hh, tt¯, gg and invisible, based on LHC Run-I resonance searches, and assuming diphoton signal from Eq. (5). Other fermionic channels, such as b ¯b, τ +τ −, or light quarks and leptons, are less relevant if one assumes Yukawa-like couplings to the new resonance as in Eq. (11). An interesting possibility is that S predominantly decays to invisible particles that might constitute (part of) the observed dark matter in the universe. This scenario, on the other hand, might lead to sizable mono-jet (missing energy plus jet)…

**Figure 3.** Preferred region at 68% (green) and 95% (yellow) CL by the diphoton excess from Eq. (5) in the (cG, cB) plane while setting cW = 0 (upper plot) and cW = cB (lower plot) for the “loop-only” scenario. Shown in blue are the predictions from vector-like quark model. See text for details. the effective Sgg coupling, |cG| . 12. On the other hand, this scenario also predicts a correlated signal in ZZ, Zγ, and W+W− channels: σ(pp → S → Zγ) σ(pp → S → γγ) = 2(1 − RW B) 2 tan2 θW (1 + RW B tan2 θW ) 2 , σ(pp → S → ZZ) σ(pp → S → γγ) = (tan2 θW + RW B) 2 (1 + RW B tan2 θW ) 2 , σ(pp → S →…

**Figure 4.** Preferred region at 68% (green) and 95% (yellow) CL by the diphoton excess from Eq. (5) and constraints from dijet production in Eq. (14) in (cG, cγγ) plane for ΓS = 1 GeV (upper plot) and ΓS = 20 GeV (lower plot). Shown in black-dotted is the gluon fusion production cross section at 8 TeV. The blue line is the prediction for a composite vector-like fermion bidoublet (2, 2)2/3 . See text for details. • or it is still smaller than the resolution, ΓS . 10 GeV, but larger than the “looponly” contribution, Γloop S < ΓS. As a benchmark point, we assume the total decay width to be either…

Figures reproduced from arXiv:1512.04929 by the authors.

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Forward citations

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hep-ph 2016-02 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

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Associated production of the 750 GeV diphoton resonance with Z or W bosons would yield detectable gamma-gamma-lepton-lepton, gamma-gamma-lepton-plus-missing-energy, and three-lepton-plus-photon-plus-missing-energy sig...
A resonance without resonance: scrutinizing the diphoton excess at 750 GeV
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A cascade of two pseudoscalars, a heavy one near 1.75 TeV decaying to two 750 GeV states that decay to photons, can fit the 13 TeV diphoton excess with chi-squared 1.8 versus 8.8 for the Standard Model alone.
A 750 GeV Dark Pion: Cousin of a Dark G-parity-odd WIMP
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A dark QCD sector with an unbroken dark G-parity can host both the 750 GeV diphoton resonance, as a G-even pion, and a WIMP, as the lightest G-odd pion, predicting a WIMP mass between 613 and 750 GeV.
Phenomenology of a 750 GeV Singlet
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A 750 GeV singlet scalar coupled to vector-like quarks fits the 2015 diphoton excess, but mixing with the Higgs is constrained to sin(alpha) below about 0.1 and a large invisible width is excluded by monojet searches.
The Minimal Model of a Diphoton Resonance: Production without Gluon Couplings
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Elastic photon-photon fusion in pp collisions can produce a 750 GeV photon-coupled resonance at a few to ten fb at 13 TeV, enough to account for the reported diphoton excess without any gluon coupling.
A hidden confining world on the 750 GeV diphoton excess
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A hidden confining gauge theory with four vector-like fermions yields a 750 GeV pseudo-Goldstone boson whose anomaly-induced couplings to gluons and photons can reproduce the LHC diphoton excess.
Quirky Explanations for the Diphoton Excess
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A hybrid quirk-plus-scalar model can accommodate the 750 GeV diphoton excess while evading current bounds, and predicts additional dijet, dilepton, and displaced-vertex signals in LHC run 2.
Scattering Light by Light at 750 GeV at the LHC
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Photon fusion of a 750 GeV scalar can account for the 2015 diphoton excess, and elastic light-by-light scattering with tagged protons provides a clean confirmation channel.
A Boost Test of Anomalous Diphoton Resonance at the LHC
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A boosted Z-jet plus a hard photon is a viable channel to confirm or exclude the 750 GeV diphoton resonance at the 14 TeV LHC, reaching 5 sigma for a Z-gamma branching ratio about 4.9 times the diphoton one at 300 inv...
The 750 GeV diphoton excess from the goldstino superpartner
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

The 750 GeV diphoton excess can be fit by a sgoldstino with a few-TeV supersymmetry-breaking scale and hierarchical gaugino masses, with a 10-30 GeV CP-even/CP-odd mass splitting potentially mimicking a broad resonance.
Goldstones in Diphotons
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Of three Goldstone-type explanations for the 750 GeV diphoton excess, a CP-odd pseudo-Goldstone boson with a large electromagnetic anomaly and the sgoldstino survive Run-1 constraints, while the minimal dilaton does not.
A pseudoscalar decaying to photon pairs in the early LHC Run 2 data
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A 750 GeV pseudoscalar produced in gluon fusion and decaying to photon pairs can reproduce the early Run 2 diphoton excess while evading diboson and top-quark limits, and such a state arises naturally in composite Hig...
LHC 750 GeV Diphoton excess in a radiative seesaw model
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A singlet scalar coupled to multiple doubly charged scalars in a three-loop neutrino mass model can produce the 750 GeV diphoton excess via photon fusion, with a diphoton branching ratio fixed near 60% by quantum numbers.
Quark Seesaw, Vectorlike Fermions and Diphoton Excess
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A singlet scalar in a left-right quark seesaw model with vectorlike fermions can match the 750 GeV diphoton rate once the singlet VEV and Yukawa coupling are chosen to fit it.
Diphoton and Dark Matter from Cascade Decay
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A heavy 1.6 TeV scalar decaying to two 750 GeV scalars, each decaying to photons or dark matter, can reproduce the 2015 diphoton excess while predicting four-photon and diboson signals.
Interpreting the 750 GeV Di-photon Resonance using photon-jets in Hidden-Valley-like models
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A hidden-valley model explains the 2015 750 GeV diphoton excess as two collimated photon-jets from a new scalar X decaying to light scalars Y, though the predicted rate falls short of the observed excess.
The Minimal Scalar-Stealth Top Interpretation of the Diphoton Excess
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A singlet scalar at 750 GeV with a stealth vector-like top quark of 400 to 500 GeV and Yukawa coupling 0.5 to 1.5 can fit the 2015 diphoton excess without violating dijet or dark matter constraints.
Can the new resonance at LHC be a CP-Odd Higgs boson?
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

Fixing the CP-odd Higgs mass near 750 GeV and the known 125 GeV Higgs mass inside a 2HDM yields bounded ranges for the charged and heavy CP-even Higgs masses, consistent with precision and flavor data.
Implications of diphoton searches for a Radion in the Bulk-Higgs Scenario
hep-ph 2015-12 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

Diphoton searches at the LHC are the most sensitive probe of a bulk-Higgs radion, already excluding large regions of its parameter space, especially at small warp factors.
Interpretation of the diphoton excess at CMS and ATLAS
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A 750 GeV singlet scalar coupled to vector-like fermion loops can fit the LHC diphoton excess, with associated diboson signals as a test.
Physics of leptoquarks in precision experiments and at particle colliders
hep-ph 2016-03 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

The paper is a comprehensive review of light leptoquark phenomenology, collecting constraints from precision flavor, electroweak, Higgs, and collider observables for proton-stable scenarios.
Diphoton decay for a $750$ GeV scalar boson in an $U(1)_{X}$ model
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

A nonuniversal U(1)_X model with heavy singlet quarks and a charged Higgs can reproduce the reported 2-8 fb diphoton rate at 750 GeV for exotic quark masses between 900 and 3000 GeV, for suitable choices of the free Y...

How later papers used it

124 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 122 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 24 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 24 of the 190 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

5 later papers by other authors are listed below: 3 used its method or tool and 3 used its data or values. 1 of them appears under more than one label. 1 more paper by the same authors is listed: 1 used its method or tool.

Uses its method or tool 4 papers · 1 by the same authors

Adopted this paper's method to fit the diphoton data at both 8 TeV and 13 TeV.

Interpreting the 750 GeV diphoton excess by the singlet extension of the Manohar-Wise Model (2015) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Used the method introduced in this paper to fit the 750 GeV diphoton data collected at 8 TeV and 13 TeV.

Interpreting the 750 GeV diphoton excess in the Minimal Dilaton Model (2016) · 0.93 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Took into account QCD radiative corrections in its cross section using the NNLO K-factor following this paper.

750 GeV Di-photon Excess and Strongly First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition (2016) · 0.94 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

By the same authors

Extracted the ATLAS 8 TeV and 13 TeV constraints by assuming a Poisson distribution, as already done in this paper.

Toward a coherent solution of diphoton and flavor anomalies (2016) (same authors) · 0.98 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

Uses its data or values 3 of 16 papers with this label

Used a signal strength of 5.9 fb corresponding to an average between ATLAS and CMS from this paper.

A 750 GeV Messenger of Dark Conformal Symmetry Breaking (2015) · 0.85 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Took the 95% C.L. regions on a combination of 13 TeV and 8 TeV data from this paper.

The LHC diphoton resonance from gauge symmetry (2015) · 0.91 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Used the central value of this paper's combined fit to the 750 GeV diphoton event rates in its numerical analysis.

750 GeV Di-photon Excess and Strongly First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition (2016) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

124 arXiv papers cite this in 190 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 81 sentences without a confident label

Builds on it 1 paper

Such a scenario has been considered independently in Refs. [ref] , but in this work we extend such models to a case where the new strongly coupled sector (dark QCD) has an exact dark $G$-parity and demonstrate that this model has a viable dark matter candidate as the lightest $G$-odd pion.

A 750 GeV Dark Pion: Cousin of a Dark G-parity-odd WIMP · Introduction · 0.99

Uses its method or tool 4 papers

In practice, we adopt the method in [ref] to do such a work.

Interpreting the 750 GeV diphoton excess by the singlet extension of the Manohar-Wise Model · Experimental constraints · 1.00
In doing this, we use the method introduced in [ref] , where the data were given by [equation] and the $χ^2_γγ$ function was given by [ref] [equation] with $μ_i$ denoting the theoretical prediction of the diphoton rate.

Interpreting the 750 GeV diphoton excess in the Minimal Dilaton Model · Numerical results and discussions · 0.93
We use the published CMS combination of the 8 TeV and 13 TeV data (red solid line), while the ATLAS 8 TeV (dotted blue) and 13 TeV (dashed blue) constraints are extracted from the available information by assuming they follow a Poisson distribution, as already done in Ref. [ref] .

Toward a coherent solution of diphoton and flavor anomalies · Updated diphoton signal-strength combination · 0.98

Uses its data or values 16 papers

As pointed out in [ref] , after combining the diphoton data at the 13 TeV LHC with those at the 8 TeV LHC, the preferred rate for the excess at the 13 TeV LHC is [equation] This rate can be transferred to the requirement [equation] where $Γ_tot$ denotes the total width of $h^0$, and in the topflavor seesaw model it is given by [equation]

Interpreting The 750 GeV Diphoton Excess Within Topflavor Seesaw Model · The diphoton excess · 0.92
We use the best-fit cross sections for the diphoton excess from the CMS combined 8+13 TeV analysis [ref] and extracted from the ATLAS analysis [ref] in Ref. [ref] :

Implications of diphoton searches for a Radion in the Bulk-Higgs Scenario · The Diphoton Excess: pre-ICHEP 2016 · 1.00
When interpreting the excess in terms of the production rate of the resonance $X$, based on the expected and observed exclusion limits, the CMS and ATLAS experiments at 13 TeV LHC approximately give [ref] [equation] Combined with the 8 TeV data [ref] , the diphoton excess contributing to the combined production rate is given by [ref] [equation]

750 GeV diphoton resonance in a top and bottom seesaw model · INTRODUCTION · 0.95

Compares with it 3 papers

Furthermore, we estimate the production cross-section $σ(gg→X)$ adapting the results of [ref] , and we have explicitly checked that these are compatible with those in [ref] .

The LHC diphoton resonance from gauge symmetry · The diphoton excess · 0.89
This is higher than the central value of fitted diphoton signals [ref] of Run-2 data [ref] [ref] .

Realizing Dark Matter and Higgs Inflation in Light of LHC Diphoton Excess · New Particle Decays and Production · 0.92
Our scenario may also be contrasted with many explanations with composite states proposed so far, by noting that no new strong dynamics (e.g., [ref] ) or new confining forces (e.g., [ref] ) are involved in our setup.

Resonances from QCD bound states and the 750 GeV diphoton excess · Summary and Discussion · 0.91

Cites it as support 3 papers

Therefore, heavy Higgs bosons in ordinary two Higgs doublet models (including Higgs bosons in the MSSM) could not account for this excess with such a large production rate [ref] .

The 750 GeV diphoton excess at the LHC and dark matter constraints · Introduction · 0.96
To minimize this tension, we prefer models in which the parton luminosity has a substantial increase from 8 to 13 TeV [ref] .

Implications of the 750 GeV gamma-gamma Resonance as a Case Study for the International Linear Collider · Properties of the $Φ$ · 0.96
Indeed, it has been shown that the LHC diphoton excess are well explained in SUSY models with vector-like chiral multiplets [ref] .

Upper Bound on the Gluino Mass in Supersymmetric Models with Extra Matters · Introduction · 0.98

Cites it as background 75 papers

Although the significance of this excess is only around $3 σ$ and more statistics is required to draw a firm conclusion, it has already triggered an avalanche of theoretical speculations in terms of a new resonance $X$; see e.g. [ref] .

Asymmetric Dark Matter in the Sun and the Diphoton Excess at the LHC · Introduction · 0.88
Related studies considering gluon fusion partonic processes have been recently performed in Refs. [ref] , whereas photon fusion was considered in Refs. [ref] .

A 750 GeV Portal: LHC Phenomenology and Dark Matter Candidates · Two Different Scenarios for · 0.98
Various explanations have been offered [ref] .

Electroweak and Majorana Sector Higgs Bosons and Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Bosons · Symmetry Breaking and Majorana Masses · 0.96

What it cites · 14 sentences without a confident label

Uses data or values from 8 papers

The ATLAS [ref] and CMS [ref] searches for a scalar resonance decaying to $Z Z$ and $W W$ with the full data set, combining all the relevant $Z$ and $W$ decay channels, impose a $95%$ CL upper limits of [equation] On the other hand, the ATLAS collaboration [ref] has performed a search for resonance decaying to $γ$ and $Z(→ℓ^+ ℓ^-)$.

Search for a Higgs boson in the mass range from 145 to 1000 GeV decaying to a pair of W or Z bosons · Experimental constraints · 0.95
The ATLAS [ref] and CMS [ref] searches for a scalar resonance decaying to $Z Z$ and $W W$ with the full data set, combining all the relevant $Z$ and $W$ decay channels, impose a $95%$ CL upper limits of [equation] On the other hand, the ATLAS collaboration [ref] has performed a search for resonance decaying to $γ$ and $Z(→ℓ^+ ℓ^-)$.

Search for new resonances in $W\gamma$ and $Z\gamma$ Final States in $pp$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV with the ATLAS Detector · Experimental constraints · 0.95
The ATLAS [ref] and CMS [ref] searches for a scalar resonance decaying to $Z Z$ and $W W$ with the full data set, combining all the relevant $Z$ and $W$ decay channels, impose a $95%$ CL upper limits of [equation] On the other hand, the ATLAS collaboration [ref] has performed a search for resonance decaying to $γ$ and $Z(→ℓ^+ ℓ^-)$.

Search for an additional, heavy Higgs boson in the $H\rightarrow ZZ$ decay channel at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV in $pp$ collision data with the ATLAS detector · Experimental constraints · 0.95

Cites as background 3 papers

In addition to this, if the (pseudo-scalar) singlet is one of the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons (pNGB) of a non-minimal composite Higgs scenario in a symmetry-breaking pattern $G/H$, one expects that a Wess–Zumino–Witten term in the low-energy effective theory is generated; see e.g. Refs. [ref] .

Beyond the Minimal Composite Higgs Model · Pseudo-scalar singlet · 0.83
The exact value of $Γ(S→hh)$, which is determined by $c_hm$, depends on the details of the scalar potential; see e.g. [ref] .

Singlet-like Higgs bosons at present and future colliders · Singlet mixed with the Higgs · 0.92
Axion-like particles fall in this class of models, an early analysis of collider bounds in this context can be found e.g. in Ref. [ref] .

LHC probes the hidden sector · Pseudo-scalar singlet · 0.98

Discussion

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