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Approximate Universal Relations for Neutron Stars and Quark Stars
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Neutron stars and quark stars are ideal laboratories to study fundamental physics at supra nuclear densities and strong gravitational fields. Astrophysical observables, however, depend strongly on the star's internal structure, which is currently unknown due to uncertainties in the equation of state. Universal relations, however, exist among certain stellar observables that do not depend sensitively on the star's internal structure. One such set of relations is between the star's moment of inertia ($I$), its tidal Love number (Love) and its quadrupole moment ($Q$), the so-called I-Love-Q relations. Similar relations hold among the star's multipole moments, which resemble the well-known black hole no-hair theorems. Universal relations break degeneracies among astrophysical observables, leading to a variety of applications: (i) X-ray measurements of the nuclear matter equation of state, (ii) gravitational wave measurements of the intrinsic spin of inspiraling compact objects, and (iii) gravitational and astrophysical tests of General Relativity that are independent of the equation of state. We here review how the universal relations come about and all the applications that have been devised to date.
Forward citations
Cited by 13 Pith papers
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Dynamical Tidal Response of Neutron Stars: from Effective Field Theory to Gravitational Waveforms
Complete leading-order dynamical tidal corrections to neutron-star binaries are derived in EFT, showing dynamical Love numbers enhanced relative to static ones and yielding measurable contributions to the GW phase at ...
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Fast gravitational waveform models for quasi-circular coalescences of neutron star--black hole binaries
Presents new NSBH waveform models IMRPhenomXHM_NSBH, SEOBNRv5HM_ROM_NRTidalv3_NSBH, and IMRPhenomXPHM_NSBH incorporating higher modes and tidal effects via NRTidalv3 extensions, validated against NR simulations and ap...
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Underlying mechanisms of phase transitions in scalar-tensor theories
Landau coefficients for scalarization phase transitions are calculated from first principles via reduction of the theory's energy functional to an effective energy function.
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GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run
LIGO and Virgo detected 39 compact binary coalescence events in O3a, including 13 new ones, with black hole binaries up to 150 solar masses and the first significantly asymmetric mass ratios.
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Is the coexistence of strange quark stars and hadronic stars favored by astrophysical data? A Bayesian analysis
Bayesian analysis of astrophysical and laboratory data favors the two-families scenario of coexisting hadronic and strange quark stars over the one-family scenario.
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Donutization Inside Neutron Stars: Shell-Localized Scalar Fields
Heavy scalar fields in neutron stars form interior shell-localized profiles that reshape the effective equation of state and break the I-Q relation while remaining hidden from binary pulsar observations.
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Neutron stars in a conservative $f(R,T)$ gravity
A conservative f(R,T) gravity reformulation decouples the gravitational sector from the microphysical equation of state, enabling computation of neutron star mass-radius relations and tidal deformabilities that satisf...
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Neutron stars more compact than black holes in quasi-topological gravity: Equilibrium configurations and radial stability
In quasi-topological gravity, neutron stars can surpass black-hole compactness with universal high-density behavior and theory corrections that stabilize radially unstable configurations from general relativity.
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Properties of Stable Massive Quark Stars in Holography
Holographic model of massive deconfined quarks yields a stiff enough equation of state to allow stable 2-solar-mass hybrid stars with quark cores for certain nuclear phases.
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Slowly rotating condensate dark stars beyond the mean-field approximation
The Lee-Huang-Yang beyond-mean-field correction measurably reduces the dimensionless moment of inertia of slowly rotating BEC dark stars at fixed compactness while preserving the I-Love universal relation to within a ...
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GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run
GWTC-3 catalogs 90 compact binary coalescence events with p_astro > 0.5 from LIGO and Virgo's first three observing runs, including the first confident neutron star-black hole binaries.
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GWTC-2.1: Deep Extended Catalog of Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run
GWTC-2.1 adds eight new high-significance compact binary coalescence events to the prior catalog, extending the observed black hole mass range and including candidates inside the pair-instability mass gap.
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Love numbers of black holes and compact objects
A pedagogical review of Love numbers and tidal responses for black holes and compact objects in general relativity and extensions.
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