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Numerical Simulations of Gravitational Waves from Early-Universe Turbulence

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arxiv 1903.08585 v5 pith:737QLNUI submitted 2019-03-20 astro-ph.CO

Numerical Simulations of Gravitational Waves from Early-Universe Turbulence

classification astro-ph.CO
keywords turbulencegravitationalscaleenergyrangesimulationsassumedelectroweak
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We perform direct numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the early universe and numerically compute the resulting stochastic background of gravitational waves and relic magnetic fields. These simulations do not make the simplifying assumptions of earlier analytic work. If the turbulence is assumed to have an energy-carrying scale that is about a hundredth of the Hubble radius at the time of generation, as expected in a first-order phase transition, the peak of gravitational wave power will be in the mHz frequency range for a signal produced at the electroweak scale. The efficiency of gravitational wave (GW) production varies significantly with how the turbulence is driven. Detectability of turbulence at the electroweak scale by the planned Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) requires anywhere from 0.1% to 10% of the thermal plasma energy density to be in plasma motions or magnetic fields, depending on the model of the driving process. Our results predict a new universal form below the spectral peak frequency that is shallower than previously thought. This implies larger values of the GW energy spectra in the low-frequency range. This extends the range where turbulence is detectable with LISA to lower frequencies, corresponding to higher energy scales than the assumed energy-carrying scale.

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Forward citations

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