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The Ineludible non-Gaussianity of the Primordial Black Hole Abundance
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abstract
We study the formation of primordial black holes when they are generated by the collapse of large overdensities in the early universe. Since the density contrast is related to the comoving curvature perturbation by a nonlinear relation, the overdensity statistics is unavoidably non-Gaussian. We show that the abundance of primordial black holes at formation may not be captured by a perturbative approach which retains the first few cumulants of the non-Gaussian probability distribution. We provide two techniques to calculate the non-Gaussian abundance of primordial black holes at formation, one based on peak theory and the other on threshold statistics. Our results show that the unavoidable non-Gaussian nature of the inhomogeneities in the energy density makes it harder to generate PBHs. We provide simple (semi-)analytical expressions to calculate the non-Gaussian abundances of the primordial black holes and show that for both narrow and broad power spectra the gaussian case from threshold statistics is reproduced by increasing the amplitude of the power spectrum by a factor ${\cal O}(2\div 3)$.
Forward citations
Cited by 9 Pith papers
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
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The Irrelevance of Primordial Black Hole Clustering in the LVK mass range
Initial spatial clustering of primordial black holes is irrelevant for binary mergers in the LVK mass range because FIRAS spectral-distortion constraints limit the clustering scale to below the merger-relevant separat...
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Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability: Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves
Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability allows narrow curvature spectra to exponentially suppress primordial black hole overproduction via correlation coefficient ρ approaching -1 while retaining s...
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Primordial black hole dark matter from ultra-slow-roll inflation in Horndeski gravity
A kinetic cubic Horndeski coupling creates an ultra-slow-roll phase that amplifies curvature perturbations enough to produce asteroid-mass primordial black holes, potentially 90% of dark matter.
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Are Primordial Black Holes Truly Fine-Tuned?
Using a normalized sensitivity measure γ=c/c̄, the authors find γ≈1 for three single-field ultra-slow-roll inflation models and conclude PBH production is not technically unnatural.
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Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
A Bayesian analysis shows that a future sub-solar PBH detection would make the primordial SIGW interpretation of PTA data favored over the SMBH interpretation, but this preference is driven by the detection prior.
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Can tensor-scalar induced GWs dominate PTA observations ?
A Bayesian fit to NANOGrav 15-year data finds that tensor-scalar induced gravitational waves plus primordial tensor waves can fit the PTA background, with amplitudes constrained by CMB, BAO, and PBH limits.
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Is the formation of primordial black holes from single-field inflation compatible with standard cosmology?
Producing primordial black holes in single-field inflation typically forces more than about 55 e-folds after CMB-mode exit, conflicting with standard reheating unless the model is retuned or reheating is exotic.
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Tensor induced gravitational waves
Second-order tensor-induced gravitational waves can shift the inferred parameters of small-scale primordial gravitational wave models fitted to NANOGrav 15-year data, with one model favored by Bayes factors.
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