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Field-theoretic derivation of bubble-wall force

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arxiv 2005.10875 v2 pith:YLX6QYNZ submitted 2020-05-21 hep-th astro-ph.COhep-ph

Field-theoretic derivation of bubble-wall force

classification hep-th astro-ph.COhep-ph
keywords forceacrossbubblebubblesderivationfieldlimitlorentz
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We derive a general quantum field theoretic formula for the force acting on expanding bubbles of a first order phase transition in the early Universe setting. In the thermodynamic limit the force is proportional to the entropy increase across the bubble of active species that exert a force on the bubble interface. When local thermal equilibrium is attained, we find a strong friction force which grows as the Lorentz factor squared, such that the bubbles quickly reach stationary state and cannot run away. We also study an opposite case when scatterings are negligible across the wall (ballistic limit), finding that the force saturates for moderate Lorentz factors thus allowing for a runaway behavior. We apply our formalism to a massive real scalar field, the standard model and its simple portal extension. For completeness, we also present a derivation of the renormalized, one-loop, thermal energy-momentum tensor for the standard model and demonstrate its gauge independence.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Particle production from bubble collisions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 8.0

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  2. Quantum Field Theory Of Cosmological Perturbations Induced By Ultralight Dark Matter

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    Classical ULDM condensate decouples from GW propagation; squeezing-induced parametric resonance of primordial tensor modes is ≲10^{-12} for non-relativistic ULDM at equality.

  3. Dynamical evolution of the pressure on the bubble wall

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Dynamical LTE simulations reveal that heating wave formation often outlasts wall acceleration, yielding a revised maximal driving pressure criterion that weakens hydrodynamic obstruction compared to steady-state models.

  4. Hydrodynamics of Filtered Dark Matter: A Two-Component Approach

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Filtered Dark Matter hydrodynamics during first-order phase transitions is modeled as a two-component fluid, yielding detonation-like and deflagration-like solutions in ballistic and local thermal equilibrium regimes ...

  5. Phenomenology of Vector Dark Matter produced by a First Order Phase Transition

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