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Fisher formalism for anisotropic gravitational-wave background searches with pulsar timing arrays

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arxiv 2006.14570 v2 pith:ZO5ZVNWL submitted 2020-06-25 gr-qc astro-ph.IMphysics.data-an

classification gr-qcastro-ph.IMphysics.data-an
keywords ptasformalismsgwbbackgroundsearchesanisotropicarrayscurrent
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are currently the only experiments directly sensitive to gravitational waves with decade-long periods. Within the next five to ten years, PTAs are expected to detect the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) collectively sourced by inspiralling supermassive black hole binaries. It is expected that this background is mostly isotropic, and current searches focus on the monopole part of the SGWB. Looking ahead, anisotropies in the SGWB may provide a trove of additional information both on known and unknown astrophysical and cosmological sources. In this paper, we build a simple yet realistic Fisher formalism for anisotropic SGWB searches with PTAs. Our formalism is able to accommodate realistic properties of PTAs, and allows simple and accurate forecasts. We illustrate our approach with an idealized PTA consisting of identical, isotropically distributed pulsars. In a companion paper, we apply our formalism to current PTAs and show that it can be a powerful tool to guide and optimize real data analysis.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Summary statistic for pulsar timing arrays

    astro-ph.CO 2026-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A PTA likelihood expressed in terms of low-order spherical harmonics of the Earth term and pulsar-term variance retains roughly 95% of the information about a stochastic background, and ell_max=3 plus the pulsar-term ...

  2. Fingerprints of Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Pulsar Timing Arrays

    astro-ph.HE 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A single supermassive black hole binary imprints a deterministic, direction-dependent correlation fingerprint on pulsar timing arrays, enabling identification via cross-correlations.

  3. Bias from small-scale leakage in Pulsar Timing Array maps

    astro-ph.IM 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Unmodeled small-scale gravitational-wave power systematically inflates reconstructed large-scale angular power spectra in pulsar timing array anisotropy searches.

  4. New test of modified gravity with gravitational wave experiments

    gr-qc 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For a stationary, isotropic gravitational wave background, three-point correlations are produced only by scalar polarizations, giving a new null test for modified gravity.

  5. Cosmic Variance in Anisotropy Searches at Pulsar Timing Arrays

    astro-ph.CO 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Cosmic variance does not create false anisotropy detections in pulsar timing array searches when the correct likelihood is used, and the maximum resolvable multipole scales as the number of pulsars rather than its squ...

  6. Do Pulsar Timing Datasets Favor Massive Gravity?

    astro-ph.CO 2025-07 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    A one-parameter massive-gravity correlation curve gives lower chi-square than the Hellings-Downs curve for current pulsar-timing data, but the parameter is fitted to the data, so the result is not a prediction.

  7. The SKAO Pulsar Timing Array

    astro-ph.IM 2026-07 accept novelty 3.5 of 10

    An SKAO PTA with ~174 millisecond pulsars can dominate nanohertz GW sensitivity within four years and enable continuous-wave detections plus anisotropy maps of the gravitational-wave background.

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