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Free Energy from Replica Wormholes
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Free Energy from Replica Wormholes
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Euclidean wormholes -- geometries which connect disconnected boundaries -- present a challenge to a standard quantum mechanical interpretation of the theory. One potential resolution is that the gravitational path integral computes the ensemble average of many theories. The connected topologies contribute to the simplest possible observable: the free energy, which is computed using a replica trick. This is distinct from the replica trick used to compute entanglement entropies, and appears in the computation of any extensive quantity. We argue that both JT gravity and a simplified version of CGHS admit a regime where the contribution of connected replica wormholes to the free energy is larger than that of disconnected topologies. In both theories we find evidence of replica symmetry breaking, which is reminiscent of the behavior of certain spin glasses. We discuss possible insights about ensemble averaging in gravity from this perspective.
Forward citations
Cited by 9 Pith papers
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Evaporating Black Hole Interior and Complexity Evolution
In JT gravity with an end-of-the-world brane, the renormalized interior length — read as subsystem complexity — grows linearly, peaks around the Page time, and then decays exponentially, with growing relative fluctuat...
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Living on the edge: a non-perturbative resolution to the negativity of bulk entropies
Summing non-perturbative contributions in the gravitational path integral, extended via matrix integral saddles including one- and two-eigenvalue instantons, resolves negativity of bulk entropies in two-sided black holes.
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Falling through the horizon of a quantum black hole
Gravitational dressing in JT gravity lets an infalling Unruh-DeWitt detector detect the horizon location and temperature locally, violating the equivalence principle without a firewall.
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The two-dimensional disordered $O(N)$ sigma model
A 2D disordered O(N) sigma model at large N exhibits a low-temperature spin glass phase with finite Edwards-Anderson parameter and approximate scaling in the dynamical two-point function.
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Evaporating Black Hole Interior and Complexity Evolution
In a JT gravity model with an EoW brane, black hole interior complexity grows linearly until the Page time then decays exponentially, with fluctuations growing large afterward and signaling loss of self-averaging.
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Toward Krylov-based holography in double-scaled SYK
Establishes a threefold duality linking Krylov complexity growth rate to wormhole velocity and proper momentum in DSSYK holography, with higher moments capturing replica wormholes and Krylov entropy equaling parent-ge...
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Fiducial observers and the thermal atmosphere in the black hole quantum throat
A semiclassical construction of fiducial observers in JT gravity, fixed by conformal isometry flow, is extended to the quantum regime to compute wormhole contributions yielding finite thermal entropy and a quantum des...
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Asymptotic Algebras and Holography of Information in CGHS Model
Establishes holography of information in the CGHS model via asymptotic algebras and argues that islands violate commutativity of left- and right-boundary algebras.
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Exploring the Spectral Edge in SYK Models
Numerical confirmation that SYK models reproduce RMT spectral edge statistics, yielding power-law quenched entropy at low T and enabling large-N entanglement entropy calculations for supersymmetric wormholes.
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