High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · arXiv:2009.00248 v2 · submitted 1 Sep 2020
Fermion mass hierarchies from supersymmetric gauged flavour symmetry in 5D
The paper says
“We perform an extensive numerical scan and obtain several solutions for anomaly-free U(1)F, which describe the observed pattern of fermion masses and mixing with all the fundamental parameters of order unity.”
from the abstract · picked out as the main claim by a classifier
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Abstract
A mechanism to generate realistic fermion mass hierarchies based on supersymmetric gauged U(1)F symmetry in flat five-dimensional (5D) spacetime is proposed. The fifth dimension is compactified on S1/Z2 orbifold. The standard model fermions charged under the extra abelian symmetry along with their superpartners live in the 5D bulk. Bulk masses of fermions are generated by the vacuum expectation value of N = 2 superpartner of U(1)F gauge field, and they are proportional to U(1)F charges of respective fermions. This decides localization of fermions in the extra dimension, which in turn gives rise to exponentially suppressed Yukawa couplings in the effective 4D theory. Anomaly cancellation puts stringent constraints on the allowed U(1)F charges which leads to correlations between the masses of quarks and leptons. We perform an extensive numerical scan and obtain several solutions for anomaly-free U(1)F, which describe the observed pattern of fermion masses and mixing with all the fundamental parameters of order unity. It is found that the possible existence of SM singlet neutrinos substantially improves the spectrum of solutions by offering more freedom in choosing U(1)F charges. The model predicts Z′ boson mediating flavour violating interactions in both the quark and lepton sectors with the couplings which can be explicitly determined from the Yukawa couplings.
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abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
How the main claim is stated: asserted 1.00
What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.24 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.01 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.14 · compares with prior results 0.07 · mentions code or data availability 0.02
The abstract, sentence by sentence
This table labels the abstract only (arXiv listing abstract v2). The number is the probability the classifier gave the label.
| Sentence | Role | The authors' own work | States the main conclusion | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A mechanism to generate realistic fermion mass hierarchies based on supersymmetric gauged $U(1)_F$ symmetry in flat five-dimensional (5D) spacetime is proposed. | contribution 1.00 | 0.88 | 0.24 | asserted 0.78 |
| The fifth dimension is compactified on $S^1/Z_2$ orbifold. | method 0.95 | 0.42 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
| The standard model fermions charged under the extra abelian symmetry along with their superpartners live in the 5D bulk. | method 0.91 | 0.32 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| Bulk masses of fermions are generated by the vacuum expectation value of $N=2$ superpartner of $U(1)_F$ gauge field, and they are proportional to $U(1)_F$ charges of respective fermions. | method 0.92 | 0.57 | 0.09 | asserted 1.00 |
| This decides localization of fermions in the extra dimension, which in turn gives rise to exponentially suppressed Yukawa couplings in the effective 4D theory. | method 0.42 | 0.66 | 0.16 | asserted 1.00 |
| Anomaly cancellation puts stringent constraints on the allowed $U(1)_F$ charges which leads to correlations between the masses of quarks and leptons. | result 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.08 | asserted 1.00 |
| We perform an extensive numerical scan and obtain several solutions for anomaly-free $U(1)_F$, which describe the observed pattern of fermion masses and mixing with all the fundamental parameters of order unity. | result 0.85 | 0.97 | 0.49 | asserted 1.00 |
| It is found that the possible existence of SM singlet neutrinos substantially improves the spectrum of solutions by offering more freedom in choosing $U(1)_F$ charges. | result 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.09 | asserted 0.62 |
| The model predicts $Z^\prime$ boson mediating flavour violating interactions in both the quark and lepton sectors with the couplings which can be explicitly determined from the Yukawa couplings. | result 0.88 | 0.81 | 0.19 | asserted 0.99 |
What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from simulation or computation 0.93
What was examined, and what was not
Sources read
- arXiv listing abstract v2
Not examined
- full text
- figures and tables
- references and citing sentences
- relations to other papers
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- P abstract
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- S sections
- T body sentences
- C citations
- R cross-paper relations
How the labels were made
Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 7,054 input tokens.
Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. This record as JSON
How the literature uses it
2 arXiv papers cite this in 2 sentences
Papers citing it · 1 sentence without a confident label
Cites it as background 1 paper
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Numerous mechanisms have been invoked in the literature to explain such a hierarchy, including frameworks with spontaneously broken $U(1)$ flavor symmetries [ref] , localization of fermions in extra dimensions [ref] , models with large anomalous dimensions [ref] , and models that explain the hierarchies with loop factors [ref] (see [ref] for recent attempts based on those ideas).
A Supersymmetric Flavor Clockwork · Introduction · 0.99
What it cites · 34 sentences without a confident label
Uses the method or tool of 1 paper
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The authors of [ref] provide a computational algorithm and programme which can lists all possible set of integer $U(1)_F$ charges that can be assigned to the SM fermions and three generations of the RH neutrinos given the maximum absolute charge $|X_max|$.
An Anomaly-free Atlas: charting the space of flavour-dependent gauged $U(1)$ extensions of the Standard Model · Numerical search and results · 0.99
Uses data or values from 3 papers
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The above values when substituted in Eqs. ([ref],[ref]) reproduces the exact central values of the charged fermion mass ratios, quark and lepton mixing angles as listed in Table [ref] and solar and atmospheric neutrino squared mass differences as listed in [ref] for the normal ordering.
The fate of hints: updated global analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillations · Stochastic parameters for the best fit solution · 0.92
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Using this, $M_Z^'$ upto 1.7 (2.2) TeV is excluded by CMS [ref] (ATLAS [ref] ) for $g^'1$.
Search for heavy resonances decaying to tau lepton pairs in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV · Phenomenological Implications · 0.90
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Using this, $M_Z^'$ upto 1.7 (2.2) TeV is excluded by CMS [ref] (ATLAS [ref] ) for $g^'1$.
Search for heavy particles decaying into a top-quark pair in the fully hadronic final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector · Phenomenological Implications · 0.90
Cites as background 11 papers
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Anomaly of $U(1)$ gauge theory compactified on $S^1/Z_2$ is discussed in [ref] .
Anomalies on Orbifolds · Supersymmetric $U(1)$ on $S^1/Z_2$ · 0.90
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Anomaly of $U(1)$ gauge theory compactified on $S^1/Z_2$ is discussed in [ref] .
Deconstructing 5D supersymmetric U(1) gauge theories on orbifolds · Supersymmetric $U(1)$ on $S^1/Z_2$ · 0.90
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Anomaly of $U(1)$ gauge theory compactified on $S^1/Z_2$ is discussed in [ref] .
Anomalies, Fayet-Iliopoulos terms and the consistency of orbifold field theories · Supersymmetric $U(1)$ on $S^1/Z_2$ · 0.90
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