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Intermittent null energy condition violations during inflation and primordial gravitational waves
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Intermittent null energy condition violations during inflation and primordial gravitational waves
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Primordial null energy condition (NEC) violation would imprint a blue-tilted spectrum on gravitational wave background (GWB). However, its implications on the GWB might be far richer than expected. We present a scenario, in which after a slow-roll (NEC-preserving) inflation with Hubble parameter $H\simeq H_{inf1}$, the Universe goes through an NEC-violating period and then enters subsequent slow-roll inflation with a higher $H$ ($=H_{inf2}\gg H_{inf1}$). The resulting primordial gravitational wave spectrum is nearly flat at the cosmic microwave background band, as well as at the frequency $f\sim 1/{\rm yr}$ but with higher amplitude (compatible with the recent NANOGrav result). It is also highlighted that for the multi-stage inflation if the NEC violations happened intermittently, we might have a Great Wall-like spectrum of the stochastic GWB at the corresponding frequency band.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Holes formed by Null Energy Condition Violation during Inflation
A transient null-energy-condition violation during inflation is shown to produce a four-component gravitational-wave background — primordial, scalar-induced, PBH ringdown, and binary-merger — with only the solar-mass ...
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