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Determining the temperature in heavy-ion collisions with multiplicity distribution

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arxiv 2101.10613 v1 pith:MUED2BCH submitted 2021-01-26 nucl-th hep-phnucl-ex

classification nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex
keywords distributionmultiplicitytemperatureheavy-ionchargecollisionsapparentcaloric
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abstract

By relating the charge multiplicity distribution and the temperature of a de-exciting nucleus through a deep neural network, we propose that the charge multiplicity distribution can be used as a thermometer of heavy-ion collisions. Based on an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model, we study the caloric curve of reaction $^{103}$Pd + $^9$Be with the apparent temperature determined through the charge multiplicity distribution. The caloric curve shows a characteristic signature of nuclear liquid-gas phase transition around the apparent temperature $T_{\rm ap}$ $=$ $6.4~\rm MeV$, which is consistent with that through a traditional heavy-ion collision thermometer, and indicates the viability of determining the temperature in heavy-ion collisions with multiplicity distribution.

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