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Genuine empirical pressure within the proton
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abstract
A phenomenological extraction of pressure within the proton has recently been performed using JLab CLAS data (arXiv:2104.02031 [nucl-ex]). The extraction used a 3-dimensional Breit frame description in which the initial and final proton states have different momenta. Instead, we obtain the two-dimensional transverse light front pressure densities that incorporate relativistic effects arising from the boosts that cause the initial and final states to differ. The mechanical radius is then determined to be $0.518~ \pm 0.062_{\mathrm{fit}} \pm 0.126_{\mathrm{sys}}~\mathrm{fm}$, which is smaller than the electric charge radius and larger than the light front momentum radius. The forces within the proton are shown to be predominantly repulsive at distances less than $0.43~\pm 0.12~\mathrm{fm}$ from the center, and predominantly attractive further out.
Forward citations
Cited by 3 Pith papers
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Transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons
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A Skyrme model with a dilaton field attributes the proton's negative internal pressure and confining force to the gluonic scale anomaly, and reproduces the lattice QCD D(t) form factor.
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Mechanical properties of the $\Omega^-$ baryon from gravitational form factors
Using QCD sum rules, the authors extract seven gravitational form factors of the Omega baryon and derive its internal energy, angular momentum, pressure, shear, radii, and D-terms.
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