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Thermodynamic stability implies causality

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arxiv 2105.14621 v2 pith:J3YPVHAL submitted 2021-05-30 gr-qc astro-ph.HEhep-phphysics.flu-dyn

classification gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phphysics.flu-dyn
keywords equilibriumstabilitycausalityconservationentropyhydrodynamicrelativistictheorem
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The stability conditions of a relativistic hydrodynamic theory can be derived directly from the requirement that the entropy should be maximised in equilibrium. Here we use a simple geometrical argument to prove that, if the hydrodynamic theory is stable according to this entropic criterion, then localised perturbations to the equilibrium state cannot propagate outside their future light-cone. In other words, within relativistic hydrodynamics, acausal theories must be thermodynamically unstable, at least close to equilibrium. We show that the physical origin of this deep connection between stability and causality lies in the relationship between entropy and information. Our result may be interpreted as an ``equilibrium conservation theorem'', which generalizes the Hawking-Ellis vacuum conservation theorem to finite temperature and chemical potential.

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Cited by 9 Pith papers

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