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Evaporating primordial black holes, the string axiverse, and hot dark radiation
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abstract
We show that primordial black holes (PBHs) develop non-negligible spins through Hawking emission of the large number of axion-like particles generically present in string theory compactifications. This is because scalars can be emitted in the monopole mode ($l=0$), where no angular momentum is removed from the BH, so a sufficiently large number of scalars can compensate for the spin-down produced by fermion, gauge boson, and graviton emission. The resulting characteristic spin distributions for $10^8$-$10^{12}$ kg PBHs could potentially be measured by future gamma-ray observatories, provided that the PBH abundance is not too small. This yields a unique probe of the total number of light scalars in the fundamental theory, independent of how weakly they interact with known matter. The present local energy density of hot, MeV-TeV, axions produced by this Hawking emission can possibly exceed $\rho_{\rm CMB}$. Evaporation constraints on PBHs are also somewhat weakened.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Hawking emission of massive vector fields by Kerr black holes
First computation of massive vector (Proca) Hawking emission spectra from Kerr black holes, including polarization-dependent greybody factors, Page functions, and mass-enhanced superradiance up to ~7%.
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String Axiverse Enhancement of Superradiant Dark Matter Production
O(100-10^5) string axions enhance PBH superradiance efficiency via increased spin, expanding viable mass-spin regions for micro-boson star dark matter while too many axions cause overly rapid evaporation.
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
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$\tt GrayHawk$: A public code for calculating the Gray Body Factors of massless fields around spherically symmetric Black Holes
A new public Mathematica tool, GrayHawk, computes gray-body factors for massless spin 0, 1/2, 1, and 2 fields around seven spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat black hole metrics.
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Complementary Probes of Warped Extra Dimension: Colliders, Gravitational Waves and Primordial Black Holes from Phase Transitions
In Randall-Sundrum warped extra dimension models, the supercooled radion phase transition can form primordial black holes that account for all of dark matter for IR scales 10 TeV to 10^4 TeV, with correlated gravitati...
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Primordial Black Holes (as Dark Matter) from the Supercooled Phase Transitions with Radiative Symmetry Breaking
Supercooled radiative symmetry breaking phase transitions generically produce primordial black holes, and the false-vacuum decay rate grows exponentially with time to high accuracy.
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