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Artificial Intelligence and Spontaneous Collusion

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arxiv 2202.05946 v5 pith:BFPNAZXD submitted 2022-02-12 econ.TH cs.AIcs.GT

classification econ.THcs.AIcs.GT
keywords collusionalgorithmicalgorithmsspontaneouscouplinglinkagemarketmodel
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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We develop a tractable model for studying strategic interactions between learning algorithms. We uncover a mechanism responsible for the emergence of algorithmic collusion. We observe that algorithms periodically coordinate on actions that are more profitable than static Nash equilibria. This novel collusive channel relies on an endogenous statistical linkage in the algorithms' estimates which we call spontaneous coupling. The model's parameters predict whether the statistical linkage will appear, and what market structures facilitate algorithmic collusion. We show that spontaneous coupling can sustain collusion in prices and market shares, complementing experimental findings in the literature. Finally, we apply our results to design algorithmic markets.

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Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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  4. Auditing Algorithmic Collusion from Strategy Graphs

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  5. Equilibrium stability as a driver of cooperation among Q-learners

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    In Bertrand price competition with bounded willingness to pay and at least two firms, every Nash equilibrium gives every firm zero profit, regardless of how the market is segmented.

  7. Homogenization of Multi-agent Learning Dynamics in Finite-state Markov Games

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    Under uniform ergodicity and Lipschitz assumptions, the rescaled parameter process of multi-agent RL learners in a finite-state Markov game converges weakly to the ODE that averages each update against the stationary ...

  8. Beyond Human Intervention: Algorithmic Collusion through Multi-Agent Learning Strategies

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    A pricing agent using past and live data can quickly reach collusive or adversarial profits and adapt when a competitor changes price.

  9. An Economy of AI Agents

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    A survey chapter that maps open economic questions about AI agents in markets, organizations, and institutions, arguing that current theories may need extension.

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