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Searching for Afterglow: Light Dark Matter Boosted by Supernova Neutrinos

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arxiv 2206.06864 v4 pith:NW6Q2BZ5 submitted 2022-06-14 hep-ph astro-ph.HE

classification hep-phastro-ph.HE
keywords sigmaboostedafterglowanalysiscrossdarkeventsexperiments
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

A novel analysis is performed, incorporating time-of-flight (TOF) information to study the interactions of dark matter (DM) with standard model particles. After supernova (SN) explosions, DM with mass $m_\chi\lesssim\mathcal{O}({\rm MeV})$ in the halo can be boosted by SN neutrinos (SN$\nu$) to relativistic speed. The SN$\nu$ boosted DM (BDM) arrives on Earth with TOF which depends only on $m_\chi$ and is independent of the cross section. These BDMs can interact with detector targets in low-background experiments and manifest as afterglow events after the arrival of SN$\nu$. The characteristic TOF spectra of the BDM events can lead to large background suppression and unique determination of $m_\chi$. New cross section constraints on $\sqrt{\sigma_{\chi e} \sigma_{\chi\nu}}$ are derived from SN1987a in the Large Magellanic Cloud with data from the Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande experiments. Potential sensitivities for the next galactic SN with Hyper-Kamiokande are projected. This analysis extends the existing bounds on $\sqrt{\sigma_{\chi e}\sigma_{\chi \nu}}$ over a broad range of $r_\chi=\sigma_{\chi \nu}/\sigma_{\chi e}$. In particular, the improvement is by 1-3 orders of magnitude for $m_\chi<\mathcal{O}(100\,{\rm keV})$ for $\sigma_{\chi e}\sim\sigma_{\chi \nu}$. Prospects of exploiting TOF information in other astrophysical systems to probe exotic physics with other DM candidates are discussed.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

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