pith. sign in

arxiv: 2206.07355 · v1 · submitted 2022-06-15 · 🪐 quant-ph · physics.bio-ph· physics.comp-ph

Driven spin dynamics enhances cryptochrome magnetoreception: Towards live quantum sensing

Luke D. Smith , Farhan T. Chowdhury , Iona Peasgood , Nahnsu Dawkins , Daniel R. Kattnig This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-24 12:14 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🪐 quant-ph physics.bio-phphysics.comp-ph
keywords cryptochromemagnetoreceptionradical pairLandau-Zener transitionspin dynamicsquantum sensinggeomagnetic field
0
0 comments X

The pith

Periodic modulation of inter-radical distance overcomes strong coupling to enhance geomagnetic sensitivity in cryptochrome radical pairs.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper shows that strong electron-electron dipolar coupling between radicals in cryptochrome normally suppresses the spin system's response to weak magnetic fields. It demonstrates that a periodic change in the distance between the radicals drives the system through a Landau-Zener transition from singlet to triplet states, restoring and increasing sensitivity to the geomagnetic field. This leads to the claim that a dynamically driven, or live, magnetoreceptor can outperform a static one. The work addresses a major objection to the radical-pair hypothesis by identifying a dynamical workaround that keeps quantum spin effects viable under realistic interaction strengths.

Core claim

Driving the spin system through modulation of the inter-radical distance markedly enhances geomagnetic field sensitivity in strongly coupled radical pairs via a Landau-Zener type transition between singlet and triplet states, allowing a live harmonically driven magnetoreceptor to be more sensitive than its static counterpart.

What carries the argument

Harmonic modulation of inter-radical distance that induces Landau-Zener transitions between singlet and triplet states in the radical-pair spin dynamics.

If this is right

  • Strongly coupled radical pairs retain high sensitivity to weak geomagnetic fields when distance is modulated.
  • The driven system produces a larger response to the magnetic field than the equivalent static radical pair.
  • Inter-radical interactions that were thought to block magnetoreception no longer do so under periodic driving.
  • The radical-pair mechanism remains viable in cryptochrome even when dipolar coupling is strong.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Similar distance-modulation effects could be tested in other radical-pair systems outside cryptochrome.
  • In vitro setups with controlled oscillation of radical separation might isolate the Landau-Zener contribution.
  • The approach points toward engineered quantum sensors that use mechanical driving to maintain coherence against fixed interactions.

Load-bearing premise

A biologically realistic periodic modulation of inter-radical distance can be realized without other relaxation or decoherence channels overwhelming the driven dynamics.

What would settle it

An experiment or simulation that applies periodic distance modulation to a strongly coupled radical pair and measures whether the singlet-triplet transition rate and resulting magnetic sensitivity increase as predicted.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2206.07355 by Daniel R. Kattnig, Farhan T. Chowdhury, Iona Peasgood, Luke D. Smith, Nahnsu Dawkins.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. Color maps of the driven radical pair model with [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. Driven radical pair model with EED interactions in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. Color map for anisotropy of a driven model with [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. Relative anisotropy [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The mechanism underlying magnetoreception has long eluded explanation. A popular hypothesis attributes this sense to the quantum coherent spin dynamics of spin-selective recombination reactions of radical pairs in the protein cryptochrome. However, concerns about the validity of the hypothesis have been raised as unavoidable inter-radical interactions, such as strong electron-electron dipolar coupling, appear to suppress its sensitivity. We demonstrate that this can be overcome by driving the spin system through a modulation of the inter-radical distance. It is shown that this dynamical process markedly enhances geomagnetic field sensitivity in strongly coupled radical pairs via a Landau-Zener type transition between singlet and triplet states. These findings suggest that a "live" harmonically driven magnetoreceptor can be more sensitive than its "dead" static counterpart.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript claims that time-dependent modulation of the inter-radical distance in cryptochrome radical pairs induces Landau-Zener-type singlet-triplet transitions, restoring and markedly enhancing geomagnetic-field sensitivity even when static dipolar coupling is strong; the driven ('live') system is asserted to outperform the static ('dead') counterpart via improved reaction-yield anisotropy.

Significance. If the central derivation holds, the work supplies a concrete dynamical mechanism that could reconcile the radical-pair hypothesis with the presence of strong inter-radical interactions, thereby strengthening the case for quantum coherence in biological magnetoreception. The explicit mapping of periodic driving onto an enhanced anisotropy constitutes a falsifiable, parameter-dependent prediction that can be tested numerically or experimentally.

major comments (2)
  1. [Model / Hamiltonian section] The central claim rests on the time-dependent dipolar term producing a clean Landau-Zener crossing; the manuscript must specify the explicit form of the driven Hamiltonian (including the functional dependence of the dipolar coupling on the modulated distance) and demonstrate that the reported enhancement survives when the modulation frequency and amplitude are varied over the range compatible with cryptochrome structural fluctuations.
  2. [Results / Numerical section] The numerical results showing enhanced anisotropy are presented for selected driving parameters; to support the claim that the driven system is 'more sensitive,' the paper should include a systematic scan (or analytic bound) establishing the minimal modulation depth required to overcome a given static dipolar strength, with the corresponding reaction-yield curves.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract introduces the phrase 'live harmonically driven magnetoreceptor' without a preceding definition; a single-sentence clarification of what 'live' versus 'dead' denotes would improve readability.
  2. [Discussion] The discussion of biological realizability is presented as a suggestion rather than a quantitative estimate; adding a short paragraph comparing the required modulation frequency/amplitude to known cryptochrome vibrational or conformational timescales (with appropriate references) would strengthen the bridge to experiment without altering the theoretical core.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their supportive review and constructive comments, which will help strengthen the manuscript. We address each major comment below.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Model / Hamiltonian section] The central claim rests on the time-dependent dipolar term producing a clean Landau-Zener crossing; the manuscript must specify the explicit form of the driven Hamiltonian (including the functional dependence of the dipolar coupling on the modulated distance) and demonstrate that the reported enhancement survives when the modulation frequency and amplitude are varied over the range compatible with cryptochrome structural fluctuations.

    Authors: We agree that the explicit Hamiltonian form is needed for clarity. In the revision we will add the driven Hamiltonian H(t) = H_Zeeman + H_hyperfine + D(r(t)) S1·S2 term, with the standard dipolar coupling D(r) ∝ 1/r^3 and r(t) = r0 + A sin(ωt). Additional simulations confirming robustness for modulation frequencies 1–100 kHz and relative amplitudes 0.1–0.5 (consistent with cryptochrome fluctuations) will be included in the main text and SI. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Results / Numerical section] The numerical results showing enhanced anisotropy are presented for selected driving parameters; to support the claim that the driven system is 'more sensitive,' the paper should include a systematic scan (or analytic bound) establishing the minimal modulation depth required to overcome a given static dipolar strength, with the corresponding reaction-yield curves.

    Authors: We accept this point. The revised manuscript will add a systematic scan of reaction-yield anisotropy versus modulation depth for several fixed dipolar strengths, together with the corresponding yield curves. A brief analytic estimate based on the Landau-Zener formula will bound the minimal depth required to restore sensitivity. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity

full rationale

The paper introduces an external periodic modulation of inter-radical distance as a driving term in the radical-pair spin Hamiltonian and demonstrates via numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation that this induces Landau-Zener singlet-triplet transitions restoring geomagnetic sensitivity. The drive amplitude and frequency are treated as free external parameters rather than fitted quantities or quantities derived from the target sensitivity itself. No equations reduce the reported enhancement to a self-definition, a renamed fit, or a load-bearing self-citation chain; the central claim remains a direct consequence of the driven Hamiltonian dynamics under stated assumptions.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only; ledger is therefore minimal and provisional. The model inherits the standard radical-pair Hamiltonian and adds an ad-hoc time-dependent driving term whose biological origin is not evidenced here.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Radical-pair spin dynamics in cryptochrome underlie magnetoreception
    The entire analysis is framed as a solution to a problem within this hypothesis.
  • ad hoc to paper Periodic modulation of inter-radical distance is feasible and dominant over other time-dependent effects
    The driving is introduced without supporting evidence or bounds in the abstract.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5675 in / 1185 out tokens · 57219 ms · 2026-05-24T12:14:51.733145+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

93 extracted references · 93 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Mouritsen

    H. Mouritsen. Navigation in birds and other animals. Image Vision Comput. , 19(11):713–731, sep 2001

    work page 2001

  2. [2]

    S¨ onke Johnsen and Kenneth J. Lohmann. The physics and neurobiology of magnetoreception. Nat. Rev. Neu- rosci., 6(9):703–712, aug 2005

    work page 2005

  3. [3]

    S¨ onke Johnsen and Kenneth J. Lohmann. Magnetore- ception in animals. Phys. Today, 61(3):29, mar 2008

    work page 2008

  4. [4]

    The radical-pair mechanism as a paradigm for the emerging science of quantum biology

    Iannis K Kominis. The radical-pair mechanism as a paradigm for the emerging science of quantum biology. Mod. Phys. Lett. B , 29(Supplement 1):1530013, 2015

    work page 2015

  5. [5]

    Long-distance navigation and magne- toreception in migratory animals

    Henrik Mouritsen. Long-distance navigation and magne- toreception in migratory animals. Nature, 558(7708):50– 59, jun 2018

    work page 2018

  6. [6]

    Magnetoreception in birds and its use for long-distance migration

    Henrik Mouritsen. Magnetoreception in birds and its use for long-distance migration. In Colin G Scanes, ed- itor, Sturkie’s Avian Physiology , pages 113–133. Aca- demic Press, sixth edition, 2015

    work page 2015

  7. [7]

    Mag- netoreception in birds

    Roswitha Wiltschko and Wolfgang Wiltschko. Mag- netoreception in birds. J. R. Soc. Interface , 16(158):20190295, jan 2019

    work page 2019

  8. [8]

    Nordmann, Tobias Hochstoeger, and David A

    Gregory C. Nordmann, Tobias Hochstoeger, and David A. Keays. Magnetoreception—A sense without a receptor. PLOS Biol., 15(10):e2003234, oct 2017

    work page 2017

  9. [9]

    Physics of life: The dawn of quantum biol- ogy

    Philip Ball. Physics of life: The dawn of quantum biol- ogy. Nature, 474(7351):272–274, jun 2011

    work page 2011

  10. [10]

    Quan- tum biology

    Neill Lambert, Yueh Nan Chen, Yuan Chung Cheng, Che Ming Li, Guang Yin Chen, and Franco Nori. Quan- tum biology. Nat. Phys., 9(1):10–18, 2013

    work page 2013

  11. [11]

    Engel, and Martin B

    Masoud Mohseni, Yasser Omar, Gregory S. Engel, and Martin B. Plenio. Quantum effects in biology. Cambridge University Press, 2014

    work page 2014

  12. [12]

    Ringsmuth, Marco Ferretti, J

    Adriana Marais, Betony Adams, Andrew K. Ringsmuth, Marco Ferretti, J. Michael Gruber, Ruud Hendrikx, Maria Schuld, Samuel L. Smith, Ilya Sinayskiy, Tjaart P.J. Kr¨ uger, Francesco Petruccione, and Rienk van Grondelle. The future of quantum biology. J. R. Soc. Interface, 15(148):20180640, nov 2018

    work page 2018

  13. [13]

    D’Souza, Derren J

    Youngchan Kim, Federico Bertagna, Edeline M. D’Souza, Derren J. Heyes, Linus O. Johannissen, Eveliny T. Nery, Antonio Pantelias, Alejandro Sanchez- Pedre˜ no Jimenez, Louie Slocombe, Michael G. Spencer, Jim Al-Khalili, Gregory S. Engel, Sam Hay, Suzanne M. Hingley-Wilson, Kamalan Jeevaratnam, Alex R. Jones, Daniel R. Kattnig, Rebecca Lewis, Marco Sacchi, ...

    work page 2021

  14. [14]

    Swenberg, and Albert Weiler

    Klaus Schulten, Charles E. Swenberg, and Albert Weiler. A Biomagnetic Sensory Mechanism Based on Magnetic Field Modulated Coherent Electron Spin Motion. Z Phys. Chem., 111(1):1–5, jan 1978. 6

    work page 1978

  15. [15]

    A model for photoreceptor-based magnetoreception in birds

    Thorsten Ritz, Salih Adem, and Klaus Schulten. A model for photoreceptor-based magnetoreception in birds. Bio- phys. J., 78(2):707–718, feb 2000

    work page 2000

  16. [16]

    P. J. Hore and Henrik Mouritsen. The radical-pair mechanism of magnetoreception. Annu. Rev. Biophys. , 45:299–344, jul 2016

    work page 2016

  17. [17]

    Gauger, Elisabeth Rieper, John J

    Erik M. Gauger, Elisabeth Rieper, John J. L. Morton, Simon C. Benjamin, and Vlatko Vedral. Sustained quan- tum coherence and entanglement in the avian compass. Phys. Rev. Lett., 106(4):040503, jan 2011

    work page 2011

  18. [18]

    Hogben, Till Biskup, and P

    Hannah J. Hogben, Till Biskup, and P. J. Hore. En- tanglement and sources of magnetic anisotropy in radi- cal pair-based avian magnetoreceptors. Phys. Rev. Lett., 109(22):220501, nov 2012

    work page 2012

  19. [20]

    Berman, and Sabre Kais

    Yiteng Zhang, Gennady P. Berman, and Sabre Kais. Sen- sitivity and entanglement in the avian chemical compass. Phys. Rev. E , 90(4):042707, oct 2014

    work page 2014

  20. [21]

    Cornelio, and Marcos C

    Alejandro Carrillo, Marcio F. Cornelio, and Marcos C. de Oliveira. Environment-induced anisotropy and sensi- tivity of the radical pair mechanism in the avian compass. Phys. Rev. E , 92(1):012720, jul 2015

    work page 2015

  21. [22]

    Le and Alexandra Olaya-Castro

    Thao P. Le and Alexandra Olaya-Castro. Basis- independent system-environment coherence is necessary to detect magnetic field direction in an avian-inspired quantum magnetic sensor. nov 2020

    work page 2020

  22. [23]

    I. K. Kominis. Quantum relative entropy shows singlet- triplet coherence is a resource in the radical-pair mech- anism of biological magnetic sensing. Phys. Rev. Res. , 2(2):023206, may 2020

    work page 2020

  23. [24]

    Poonia, Kasturi Saha, Di- pankar Saha, and Swaroop Ganguly

    Rakshit Jain, Vishvendra S. Poonia, Kasturi Saha, Di- pankar Saha, and Swaroop Ganguly. The avian compass can be sensitive even without sustained electron spin co- herence. Proc. R. Soc. A, 477(2250):20200778, jun 2021

    work page 2021

  24. [25]

    Jianming Cai, Gian Giacomo Guerreschi, and Hans J. Briegel. Quantum control and entanglement in a chemi- cal compass. Phys. Rev. Lett., 104(22):220502, jun 2010

    work page 2010

  25. [26]

    Lee, Jason C

    Alpha A. Lee, Jason C. S. Lau, Hannah J. Hogben, Till Biskup, Daniel R. Kattnig, and P. J. Hore. Alternative radical pairs for cryptochrome-based magnetoreception. J. R. Soc. Interface , 11(95):20131063, jun 2014

    work page 2014

  26. [27]

    Hiscock, Susannah Worster, Daniel R

    Hamish G. Hiscock, Susannah Worster, Daniel R. Kat- tnig, Charlotte Steers, Ye Jin, David E. Manolopoulos, Henrik Mouritsen, and P. J. Hore. The quantum needle of the avian magnetic compass. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , 113(17):4634–4639, apr 2016

    work page 2016

  27. [28]

    Chadsley Atkins, Kieran Bajpai, Jeremy Rumball, and Daniel R. Kattnig. On the optimal relative orientation of radicals in the cryptochrome magnetic compass. J. Chem. Phys., 151(6):065103, aug 2019

    work page 2019

  28. [29]

    Fay, Lachlan P

    Thomas P. Fay, Lachlan P. Lindoy, David E. Manolopou- los, and P. J. Hore. How quantum is radical pair magne- toreception? Faraday Discuss., 221(0):77–91, dec 2019

    work page 2019

  29. [30]

    Smith, Jean Deviers, and Daniel R

    Luke D. Smith, Jean Deviers, and Daniel R. Kattnig. Ob- servations about utilitarian coherence in the avian com- pass. Scientific Reports, 12(1):1–10, apr 2022

    work page 2022

  30. [31]

    Kattnig, Emrys W

    Daniel R. Kattnig, Emrys W. Evans, Victoire D´ ejean, Charlotte A. Dodson, Mark I. Wallace, Stuart R. Mackenzie, Christiane R. Timmel, and P. J. Hore. Chem- ical amplification of magnetic field effects relevant to avian magnetoreception. Nat. Chem. , 8(4):384–391, feb 2016

    work page 2016

  31. [32]

    Storey, Smitha Pillai, Paul A

    Christian Kerpal, Sabine Richert, Jonathan G. Storey, Smitha Pillai, Paul A. Liddell, Devens Gust, Stuart R. Mackenzie, P. J. Hore, and Christiane R. Timmel. Chem- ical compass behaviour at microtesla magnetic fields strengthens the radical pair hypothesis of avian magne- toreception. Nat. Commun., 10(1):1–7, aug 2019

    work page 2019

  32. [33]

    Jarocha, Tilo Zollitsch, Marcin Konowalczyk, Kevin B

    Jingjing Xu, Lauren E. Jarocha, Tilo Zollitsch, Marcin Konowalczyk, Kevin B. Henbest, Sabine Richert, Matthew J. Golesworthy, Jessica Schmidt, Victoire D´ ejean, Daniel J. C. Sowood, Marco Bassetto, Ji- ate Luo, Jessica R. Walton, Jessica Fleming, Yujing Wei, Tommy L. Pitcher, Gabriel Moise, Maike Her- rmann, Hang Yin, Haijia Wu, Rabea Bart¨ olke, Ste- fa...

    work page 2021

  33. [34]

    Light-dependent magnetoreception in birds: the cru- cial step occurs in the dark

    Roswitha Wiltschko, Margaret Ahmad, Christine Nießner, Dennis Gehring, and Wolfgang Wiltschko. Light-dependent magnetoreception in birds: the cru- cial step occurs in the dark. J. R. Soc. Interface , 13(118):20151010, may 2016

    work page 2016

  34. [35]

    Hammad, M

    M. Hammad, M. Albaqami, M. Pooam, E. Kernevez, J. Witczak, T. Ritz, C. Martino, and M. Ahmad. Cryp- tochrome mediated magnetic sensitivity in Arabidopsis occurs independently of light-induced electron transfer to the flavin. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 19(3):341–352, mar 2020

    work page 2020

  35. [36]

    Robinson, Kevin B

    Kiminori Maeda, Alexander J. Robinson, Kevin B. Henbest, Hannah J. Hogben, Till Biskup, Margaret Ah- mad, Erik Schleicher, Stefan Weber, Christiane R. Tim- mel, and P. J. Hore. Magnetically sensitive light-induced reactions in cryptochrome are consistent with its pro- posed role as a magnetoreceptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , 109(13):4774–4779, mar 2012

    work page 2012

  36. [37]

    Kattnig, Ilia A

    Daniel R. Kattnig, Ilia A. Solov’yov, and P. J. Hore. Elec- tron spin relaxation in cryptochrome-based magnetore- ception. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , 18(18):12443–12456, may 2016

    work page 2016

  37. [38]

    Dmitry Kobylkov, Joe Wynn, Michael Winklhofer, Raisa Chetverikova, Jingjing Xu, Hamish Hiscock, P. J. Hore, and Henrik Mouritsen. Electromagnetic 0.1–100 kHz noise does not disrupt orientation in a night-migrating songbird implying a spin coherence lifetime of less than 10 µs. J. R. Soc. Interface , 16(161):20190716, dec 2019

    work page 2019

  38. [39]

    O’Dea, Ailsa F

    Anthony R. O’Dea, Ailsa F. Curtis, Nicholas J.B. Green, Christiane R. Tinunel, and P. J. Hore. Influence of Dipo- lar Interactions on Radical Pair Recombination Reac- tions Subject to Weak Magnetic Fields. J. Phys. Chem. A, 109(5):869–873, feb 2005

    work page 2005

  39. [40]

    Hiscock, Daniel R

    Hamish G. Hiscock, Daniel R. Kattnig, David E. Manolopoulos, and P. J. Hore. Floquet theory of rad- ical pairs in radiofrequency magnetic fields. J. Chem. Phys., 145(12):124117, sep 2016

    work page 2016

  40. [41]

    Hiscock, Henrik Mouritsen, David E

    Hamish G. Hiscock, Henrik Mouritsen, David E. Manolopoulos, and P. J. Hore. Disruption of Mag- netic Compass Orientation in Migratory Birds by Ra- diofrequency Electromagnetic Fields. Biophys. J. , 113(7):1475–1484, oct 2017

    work page 2017

  41. [42]

    Babcock and Daniel R

    Nathan S. Babcock and Daniel R. Kattnig. Elec- tron–electron dipolar interaction poses a challenge to the 7 radical pair mechanism of magnetoreception. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 11(7):2414–2421, apr 2020

    work page 2020

  42. [43]

    Olav Schiemann and Thomas F. Prisner. Long-range distance determinations in biomacromolecules by EPR spectroscopy. Q. Rev. Biophys. , 40(1):1–53, feb 2007

    work page 2007

  43. [44]

    Determination of Radical–Radical Distances in Light-Active Proteins and Their Implication for Bio- logical Magnetoreception

    Daniel Nohr, Bernd Paulus, Ryan Rodriguez, Asako Okafuji, Robert Bittl, Erik Schleicher, and Stefan We- ber. Determination of Radical–Radical Distances in Light-Active Proteins and Their Implication for Bio- logical Magnetoreception. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. , 56(29):8550–8554, jul 2017

    work page 2017

  44. [45]

    Olga Efimova and P. J. Hore. Role of Exchange and Dipolar Interactions in the Radical Pair Model of the Avian Magnetic Compass. Biophys. J., 94(5):1565–1574, mar 2008

    work page 2008

  45. [46]

    A. T. Dellis and I. K. Kominis. The quantum Zeno effect immunizes the avian compass against the deleterious ef- fects of exchange and dipolar interactions. Biosystems, 107(3):153–157, mar 2012

    work page 2012

  46. [47]

    Kattnig and P

    Daniel R. Kattnig and P. J. Hore. The sensitivity of a radical pair compass magnetoreceptor can be signifi- cantly amplified by radical scavengers. Sci. Rep., 7(1):1– 12, sep 2017

    work page 2017

  47. [48]

    Daniel R. Kattnig. Radical-Pair-Based Magnetorecep- tion Amplified by Radical Scavenging: Resilience to Spin Relaxation. J. Phys. Chem. B, 121(44):10215–10227, nov 2017

    work page 2017

  48. [49]

    Keens, Salil Bedkihal, and Daniel R

    Robert H. Keens, Salil Bedkihal, and Daniel R. Kattnig. Magnetosensitivity in dipolarly coupled three-Spin sys- tems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 121(9):096001, aug 2018

    work page 2018

  49. [50]

    Nathan Sean Babcock and Daniel R. Kattnig. Radical scavenging could answer the challenge posed by elec- tron–electron dipolar interactions in the cryptochrome compass model. JACS Au, 14:jacsau.1c00332, oct 2021

    work page 2021

  50. [51]

    Kattnig, Jakub K

    Daniel R. Kattnig, Jakub K. Sowa, Ilia A. Solov’Yov, and P. J. Hore. Electron spin relaxation can enhance the performance of a cryptochrome-based magnetic compass sensor. New J. Phys. , 18(6):063007, jun 2016

    work page 2016

  51. [52]

    Kattnig, Claus Nielsen, and Ilia A

    Daniel R. Kattnig, Claus Nielsen, and Ilia A. Solov’Yov. Molecular dynamics simulations disclose early stages of the photo-activation of cryptochrome 4. New J. Phys. , 20(8):083018, aug 2018

    work page 2018

  52. [53]

    Steiner and Thomas Ulrich

    Ulrich E. Steiner and Thomas Ulrich. Magnetic field ef- fects in chemical kinetics and related phenomena. Chem. Rev., 89(1):51–147, 1989

    work page 1989

  53. [54]

    Moser, Jonathan M

    Christopher C. Moser, Jonathan M. Keske, Kurt Warncke, Ramy S. Farid, and P. Leslie Dutton. Nature of biological electron transfer. Nature, 355(6363):796–802, 1992

    work page 1992

  54. [55]

    Baumgratz, M

    T. Baumgratz, M. Cramer, and M. B. Plenio. Quantify- ing coherence. Phys. Rev. Lett., 113(14):140401, 2014

    work page 2014

  55. [56]

    John C. Tully. Perspective: Nonadiabatic dynamics the- ory. J. Chem. Phys. , 137(22):22A301, oct 2012

    work page 2012

  56. [57]

    Nelson, Alexander J

    Tammie R. Nelson, Alexander J. White, Josiah A. Bjor- gaard, Andrew E. Sifain, Yu Zhang, Benjamin Neb- gen, Sebastian Fernandez-Alberti, Dmitry Mozyrsky, Adrian E. Roitberg, and Sergei Tretiak. Non-adiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics: Theory and applica- tions for modeling photophysics in extended molecular materials. Chem. Rev., 120(4):2215–2287, feb 2020

    work page 2020

  57. [58]

    Susannah Worster, Henrik Mouritsen, and P. J. Hore. A light-dependent magnetoreception mechanism insensi- tive to light intensity and polarization. J. R. Soc. Inter- face, 14(134):20170405, sep 2017

    work page 2017

  58. [59]

    Jianming Cai, Sandu Popescu, and Hans J. Briegel. Dy- namic entanglement in oscillating molecules and poten- tial biological implications. Phys. Rev. E , 82(2):021921, aug 2010

    work page 2010

  59. [60]

    Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics

    Robert Zwanzig. Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics . Oxford University Press, 2001

    work page 2001

  60. [61]

    Anthony Mittermaier and Lewis E. Kay. New tools pro- vide new insights in NMR studies of protein dynamics. Science, 312(5771):224–228, apr 2006

    work page 2006

  61. [62]

    Environment-assisted quantum walks in photosynthetic energy transfer

    Masoud Mohseni, Patrick Rebentrost, Seth Lloyd, and Al´ an Aspuru-Guzik. Environment-assisted quantum walks in photosynthetic energy transfer. J. Chem. Phys., 129:174106, 2008

    work page 2008

  62. [63]

    Environment-assisted quantum transport

    Patrick Rebentrost, Masoud Mohseni, Ivan Kassal, Seth Lloyd, and Al´ an Aspuru-Guzik. Environment-assisted quantum transport. New J. Phys. , 11(3):033003, mar 2009

    work page 2009

  63. [64]

    Caruso, A

    F. Caruso, A. W. Chin, A. Datta, S. F. Huelga, and M. B. Plenio. Highly efficient energy excitation transfer in light-harvesting complexes: The fundamen- tal role of noise-assisted transport. J. Chem. Phys. , 131(10):105106, 2009

    work page 2009

  64. [65]

    S. F. Huelga and M. B. Plenio. Vibrations, quanta and biology. Contemp. Phys., 54(27):181–207, 2013

    work page 2013

  65. [66]

    Solov’yov, Tom´ aˇ s Kubaˇ r, and Marcus Elstner

    Gesa L¨ udemann, Ilia A. Solov’yov, Tom´ aˇ s Kubaˇ r, and Marcus Elstner. Solvent driving force ensures fast for- mation of a persistent and well-separated radical pair in plant cryptochrome. J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 137(3):1147– 1156, jan 2015

    work page 2015

  66. [67]

    Cogdell, David F

    Jianshu Cao, Richard J. Cogdell, David F. Coker, Hong Guang Duan, J¨ urgen Hauer, Ulrich Kleinekath¨ ofer, Thomas L.C. Jansen, Tom´ aˇ s Manˇ cal, R. J. Dwayne Miller, Jennifer P. Ogilvie, Valentyn I. Prokhorenko, Thomas Renger, Howe Siang Tan, Roel Tempelaar, Michael Thorwart, Erling Thyrhaug, Sebastian Westen- hoff, and Donatas Zigmantas. Quantum biology...

    work page 2020

  67. [68]

    The The- ory of Open Quantum Systems

    Heinz-Peter Breuer and Francesco Petruccione. The The- ory of Open Quantum Systems . OUP, Oxford, 2007

    work page 2007

  68. [69]

    Suess, A

    D. Suess, A. Eisfeld, and W. T. Strunz. Hierarchy of stochastic pure states for open quantum system dynam- ics. Phys. Rev. Lett., 113(15):150403, 2014

    work page 2014

  69. [70]

    Colloquium: Non-Markovian dy- namics in open quantum systems

    Heinz-Peter Breuer, Elsi-Mari Laine, Jyrki Piilo, and Bassano Vacchini. Colloquium: Non-Markovian dy- namics in open quantum systems. Rev. Mod. Phys. , 88(2):021002, apr 2016

    work page 2016

  70. [71]

    Dynamics of non- Markovian open quantum systems

    In´ es De Vega and Daniel Alonso. Dynamics of non- Markovian open quantum systems. Rev. Mod. Phys. , 89(1):015001, 2017

    work page 2017

  71. [72]

    Numerically “exact” approach to open quantum dynamics: The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM)

    Yoshitaka Tanimura. Numerically “exact” approach to open quantum dynamics: The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM). J. Chem. Phys. , 153(2):020901, jul 2020

    work page 2020

  72. [73]

    Rouse, Jake Iles-Smith, Aidan Strathearn, Henry Maguire, Peter Kirton, Ahsan Nazir, Erik M

    Dominic Gribben, Dominic M. Rouse, Jake Iles-Smith, Aidan Strathearn, Henry Maguire, Peter Kirton, Ahsan Nazir, Erik M. Gauger, and Brendon W. Lovett. Exact dynamics of nonadditive environments in non-markovian open quantum systems. PRX Quantum, 3(1):010321, feb 2022

    work page 2022

  73. [74]

    https://scientific-conduct

    Scientific CO2nduct, raising awareness for the cli- mate impact of science. https://scientific-conduct. github.io. 8 Supplemental Material: Driven spin dynamics enhances cryptochrome magnetoreception In this supporting material, we present further justification and analysis of the claims made in the main text. Firstly, the computational details for our mode...

    work page 2091

  74. [75]

    As the density matrix of the radical pair system is time-dependent, so too are measures of coherence thus far discussed

    We make use of both basis representations to elucidate specific features with respect to driving. As the density matrix of the radical pair system is time-dependent, so too are measures of coherence thus far discussed. However, to analyze coherence as the exchange interaction J0 and driving frequency νd are altered, we integrate the measure over a time per...

    work page

  75. [76]

    speed limit

    We have already described how the inclusion of driving introduces a Landau-Zener type transition that mediates transitions between the |S⟩ and|T0⟩ state. Here, by comparing ˆH⊥ and ˆH∥, it is revealed that ˆH⊥ allows further evolution to |T±⟩ states, whereas no additional coherent interconversion with|T±⟩ states is possible for ˆH∥. This contributes to th...

    work page

  76. [77]

    The numpy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation

    St´ efan van der Walt, S Chris Colbert, and Gael Varoquaux. The numpy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation. Comp. Sci. Eng. , 13(2):22–30, 2011

    work page 2011

  77. [78]

    and SciPy 1

    Virtanen et al. and SciPy 1. 0 Contributors. SciPy 1.0: Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python. Nature Methods, 17:261–272, 2020

    work page 2020

  78. [79]

    Qutip: An open-source Python framework for the dynamics of open quantum systems

    J Robert Johansson, Paul D Nation, and Franco Nori. Qutip: An open-source Python framework for the dynamics of open quantum systems. Comp. Phys. Comm. , 183(8):1760–1772, 2012

    work page 2012

  79. [80]

    J. D. Hunter. Matplotlib: A 2d graphics environment. Comp. Sci. Eng. , 9(3):90–95, 2007

    work page 2007

  80. [81]

    Jon H. Shirley. Solution of the schr¨ odinger equation with a hamiltonian periodic in time.Phys. Rev., 138:B979– B987, May 1965

    work page 1965

Showing first 80 references.