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Quasinormal-mode filters: a new approach to analyze the gravitational-wave ringdown of binary black-hole mergers

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arxiv 2207.10870 v2 pith:URHGHKBW submitted 2022-07-22 gr-qc

Quasinormal-mode filters: a new approach to analyze the gravitational-wave ringdown of binary black-hole mergers

Sizheng Ma , Keefe Mitman , Ling Sun , Nils Deppe , Fran\c{c}ois H\'ebert , Lawrence E. Kidder , Jordan Moxon , William Throwe
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Nils L. Vu Yanbei Chen
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classification gr-qc
keywords filtersblackfilterqnmsremnantanalyzebinaryeffects
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We propose two frequency-domain filters to analyze ringdown signals of binary black hole mergers. The first rational filter is constructed based on a set of (arbitrary) quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of the remnant black holes, whereas the second full filter comes from the transmissivity of the remnant black holes. The two filters can remove corresponding QNMs from original time-domain ringdowns, while changing early inspiral signals in a trivial way - merely a time and phase shift. After filtering out dominant QNMs, we can visualize the existence of various subdominant effects. For example, by applying our filters to a GW150914-like numerical relativity (NR) waveform, we find second-order effects in the (l = 4, m = 4), (l = 5, m = 4) and (l = 5, m = 5) harmonics; the spherical-spheroidal mixing mode in the (l = 2,m = 2) harmonic; and a mixing mode in the (l = 2,m = 1) harmonic due to a gravitational recoil. In another NR simulation where two component spins are anti-aligned with the orbital angular momentum, we also find retrograde modes. The filters are sensitive to the remnant properties (i.e., mass and spin) and thus have a potential application to future data analyses and parameter estimations. We also investigate the stability of the full filter. Its connection to the instability of QNM spectra is discussed.

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Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. GW240925 and GW250207: Astrophysical Calibration of Gravitational-wave Detectors

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    The first informative astrophysical calibration of gravitational-wave detectors is reported using GW240925 and GW250207.

  2. Foundations of Direct Waves in Schwarzschild Ringdown

    gr-qc 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0

    Direct waves in filtered Schwarzschild ringdown are the anti-causal filter-pole contribution sourced by near-horizon trajectory dynamics and do not vanish.

  3. Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114

    gr-qc 2025-09 accept novelty 6.0

    GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.

  4. Prompt Response from Plunging Sources in Schwarzschild Spacetime

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The prompt response is ~1.2 times stronger than quasinormal mode excitation during inspiral and enables 99% accurate reconstruction of the full inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform when combined with other components.

  5. Modeling Direct Waves in Binary Black Hole Ringdowns

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Direct waves are identified in NR ringdown waveforms using QNM extraction techniques over a range of start times, but their frequency deviates from the horizon-mode prediction.