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Almost all extremal black holes in AdS are singular

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arxiv 2210.02473 v3 pith:4GF7ZMKV submitted 2022-10-05 hep-th gr-qc

Gary T. Horowitz , Maciej Kolanowski , Jorge E. Santos This is my paper
classification hep-thgr-qc
keywords blackholesextremalwhenalmostconstantcosmologicaldiverge
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We investigate the geometry near the horizon of a generic, four-dimensional extremal black hole. When the cosmological constant is negative, we show that (in almost all cases) tidal forces diverge as one crosses the horizon, and this singularity is stronger for larger black holes. In particular, this applies to generic nonspherical black holes, such as those satisfying inhomogeneous boundary conditions. Nevertheless, all scalar curvature invariants remain finite. Moreover, we show that nonextremal black holes have tidal forces that diverge in the extremal limit. Holographically, this singularity is reflected in anomalous scaling of the specific heat with temperature. Similar (albeit weaker) effects are present when the cosmological constant is positive, but not when it vanishes.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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  3. Instability of Black Holes in AdS$_3 \times S^3$

    hep-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

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  4. Stochastic Evolution of Primordial Black Holes to near-extremality in EFTs of Gravity

    gr-qc 2026-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    In EFT-modified gravity, about the same fraction of primordial black holes (24.6–24.9%) spin up to near-extremality as in GR (~24.7%), and those survivors carry ~10x enhanced near-horizon tidal forces.

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