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MuRAG: Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generator for Open Question Answering over Images and Text

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arxiv 2210.02928 v2 pith:DPWVSL3G submitted 2022-10-06 cs.CL cs.AIcs.CV

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.CV
keywords knowledgemodelsmuragimageslanguagemultimodalretrieval-augmentedtext
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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While language Models store a massive amount of world knowledge implicitly in their parameters, even very large models often fail to encode information about rare entities and events, while incurring huge computational costs. Recently, retrieval-augmented models, such as REALM, RAG, and RETRO, have incorporated world knowledge into language generation by leveraging an external non-parametric index and have demonstrated impressive performance with constrained model sizes. However, these methods are restricted to retrieving only textual knowledge, neglecting the ubiquitous amount of knowledge in other modalities like images -- much of which contains information not covered by any text. To address this limitation, we propose the first Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Transformer (MuRAG), which accesses an external non-parametric multimodal memory to augment language generation. MuRAG is pre-trained with a mixture of large-scale image-text and text-only corpora using a joint contrastive and generative loss. We perform experiments on two different datasets that require retrieving and reasoning over both images and text to answer a given query: WebQA, and MultimodalQA. Our results show that MuRAG achieves state-of-the-art accuracy, outperforming existing models by 10-20\% absolute on both datasets and under both distractor and full-wiki settings.

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Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Region-Level Context-Aware Multimodal Understanding

    cs.CV 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Region-level context-aware instruction tuning with a large synthetic dataset improves MLLMs' ability to connect objects in images to their textual descriptions.

  2. Multi-Modal Requirements Data-based Acceptance Criteria Generation using LLMs

    cs.SE 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Multi-modal RAG (text plus UI screenshots) with reward-based polishing generates acceptance criteria from user stories that three industry experts rated near 4/5 on relevance, correctness, and understandability.

  3. M2IO-R1: An Efficient RL-Enhanced Reasoning Framework for Multimodal Retrieval Augmented Multimodal Generation

    cs.IR 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    M2IO-R1 uses GRPO reinforcement learning to train a 3B model that selects and places retrieved images into generated text answers, improving MRAMG quality on several benchmarks.

  4. Modality Curation: Building Universal Embeddings for Advanced Multimodal Information Retrieval

    cs.CV 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    UNITE combines curated multimodal training data and a modality-masked contrastive loss to achieve strong retrieval performance across text, image, and video tasks.

  5. SEFRQO: A Self-Evolving Fine-Tuned RAG-Based Query Optimizer

    cs.DB 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    SEFRQO claims a self-evolving fine-tuned LLM with retrieval and execution feedback reduces query latency versus PostgreSQL, but the provided body is a different paper, blocking verification.

  6. Benchmarking Poisoning Attacks against Retrieval-Augmented Generation

    cs.CR 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A unified benchmark evaluation finds that existing RAG poisoning attacks remain effective on standard QA datasets, drop on expanded knowledge bases, and are only partially mitigated by current defenses.

  7. Multimodal CoLRAG-TF: Triple-Filtered Retrieval for Complex PDFs

    cs.LG 2026-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    Four-axis fusion (dense, BM25, triples, images) over 43 Japanese disaster PDFs claims 0.99 recall and a 71.6% multi-hop gain, but the benchmark labels and fusion weights come from inside the same pipeline.

  8. MIRA: A Novel Framework for Fusing Modalities in Medical RAG

    cs.CV 2025-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A medical multimodal RAG pipeline with rethink-and-rearrange and online search; the claimed SOTA is contradicted by the paper's own PMC-VQA numbers.

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