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Dirac bracket and time dependent constraints

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arxiv 2302.10966 v2 pith:NPBJV5QY submitted 2023-02-21 gr-qc math-phmath.MPquant-ph

classification gr-qcmath-phmath.MPquant-ph
keywords bracketconstraintsdiractime-dependentconditionsconstraineddependentderivation
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We provide a simultaneous derivation of the Dirac bracket and of the equations of motion for second-class constrained systems when the constraints are time-dependent. The necessity of time-dependent gauge-fixing conditions is shown in the example of parameterized mechanics and is illustrated geometrically.

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  1. How many degrees of freedom describe a quantum N-particle state?

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    For closed quantum N-particle systems all 3N canonical degrees of freedom are physical; the frame degrees of freedom that relational models discard reappear as non-Heisenberg terms in generalised uncertainty relations...

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