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Generating Images with Multimodal Language Models

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arxiv 2305.17216 v3 pith:CE2A5ZGJ submitted 2023-05-26 cs.CL cs.CVcs.LG

classification cs.CLcs.CVcs.LG
keywords imagemodelsgenerationtextlanguagemodelmultimodalimages
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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We propose a method to fuse frozen text-only large language models (LLMs) with pre-trained image encoder and decoder models, by mapping between their embedding spaces. Our model demonstrates a wide suite of multimodal capabilities: image retrieval, novel image generation, and multimodal dialogue. Ours is the first approach capable of conditioning on arbitrarily interleaved image and text inputs to generate coherent image (and text) outputs. To achieve strong performance on image generation, we propose an efficient mapping network to ground the LLM to an off-the-shelf text-to-image generation model. This mapping network translates hidden representations of text into the embedding space of the visual models, enabling us to leverage the strong text representations of the LLM for visual outputs. Our approach outperforms baseline generation models on tasks with longer and more complex language. In addition to novel image generation, our model is also capable of image retrieval from a prespecified dataset, and decides whether to retrieve or generate at inference time. This is done with a learnt decision module which conditions on the hidden representations of the LLM. Our model exhibits a wider range of capabilities compared to prior multimodal language models. It can process image-and-text inputs, and produce retrieved images, generated images, and generated text -- outperforming non-LLM based generation models across several text-to-image tasks that measure context dependence.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehension

    cs.CL 2023-07 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    SEED-Bench is a new benchmark of 19K multiple-choice questions for evaluating generative comprehension in multimodal LLMs across 12 image and video dimensions.

  2. MM1: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Multimodal LLM Pre-training

    cs.CV 2024-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    MM1 models achieve state-of-the-art few-shot multimodal results by pre-training on a careful mix of image-caption, interleaved, and text-only data with optimized image encoders.

  3. A Survey on Evaluating Quality and Trustworthiness in LLM-Generated Data

    cs.AI 2026-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A metric-oriented survey that classifies intrinsic quality and trustworthiness metrics for LLM-generated data across six modalities and documents systematic evaluation gaps in the current literature.

  4. UniECG: Understanding and Generating ECG in One Unified Model

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    UniECG combines ECG interpretation and text-to-ECG generation in one model by fine-tuning a language model and aligning its output tokens with a pretrained ECG diffusion generator.

  5. Trustworthy LLMs: a Survey and Guideline for Evaluating Large Language Models' Alignment

    cs.AI 2023-08 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

    Survey organizes LLM trustworthiness into seven categories and 29 sub-categories, measures eight sub-categories on popular models, and finds that more aligned models generally score higher but with varying effectiveness.

  6. Towards High Supervised Learning Utility Training Data Generation: Data Pruning and Column Reordering

    cs.LG 2025-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    PRRO combines signal-based data pruning and column reordering to improve the supervised learning utility of synthetic tabular data, but its evaluation is undermined by data manipulation and an ill-defined correlation measure.

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