Pith. sign in

REVIEW 6 cited by

Jupiter Mass Binary Objects in the Trapezium Cluster

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2310.01231 v1 pith:PDL2QLW4 submitted 2023-10-02 astro-ph.EP astro-ph.SR

classification astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
keywords massmassesobjectsjupiterformationfunctionplanetary-masscluster
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
0 comments
read the original abstract

A key outstanding question in star and planet formation is how far the initial mass function of stars and sub-stellar objects extends, and whether or not there is a cut-off at the very lowest masses. Isolated objects in the planetary-mass domain below 13 Jupiter masses, where not even deuterium can fuse, are very challenging to observe as these objects are inherently faint. Nearby star-forming regions provide the best opportunity to search for them though: while they are young, they are still relatively warm and luminous at infrared wavelengths. Previous surveys have discovered a handful of such sources down to 3--5 Jupiter masses, around the minimum mass limit established for formation via the fragmentation of molecular clouds, but does the mass function extend further? In a new James Webb Space Telescope near-infrared survey of the inner Orion Nebula and Trapezium Cluster, we have discovered and characterised a sample of 540 planetary-mass candidates with masses down to 0.6 Jupiter masses, demonstrating that there is indeed no sharp cut-off in the mass function. Furthermore, we find that 9\% of the planetary-mass objects are in wide binaries, a result that is highly unexpected and which challenges current theories of both star and planet formation.

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 19 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. JWST's Constraints on the Substellar IMF in NGC 2024

    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    JWST NIRSpec spectroscopy of NGC 2024 members yields no evidence for a substellar IMF turnover below 12 Mjup, contrary to a prior photometric-only claim.

  2. Dynamical Instability of Multi-planet Systems and Free-floating Planets

    astro-ph.EP 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A cold Jupiter greatly increases the chance that inner super-Earth planets are ejected, and most surviving systems are stable two-planet systems.

  3. Why Wide Jupiter-Mass Binary-Objects Cannot Form

    astro-ph.EP 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The star-planet-planet stripping mechanism can maintain at most about one Jupiter-mass binary object in the Trapezium cluster at any time, far fewer than the roughly 40 observed.

  4. JWST Spectra of Brown Dwarf Candidates in the Orion Nebula Cluster

    astro-ph.GA 2025-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    JWST/NIRSpec spectra of 200 Orion targets show that the seven observed JuMBO components lack brown dwarf features and are background sources, supporting the view that the JuMBO population is largely contaminated by re...

  5. Simulation of images of protoplanetary disks after collision with free-floating planets

    astro-ph.EP 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A 10-Jupiter-mass planet flying through a protoplanetary disk creates observable spiral arms that differ between prograde (two arms) and retrograde (one arm) encounters.

  6. The Dynamics of Planetary Ejection

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A review of planetary ejection mechanisms and their predicted free-floating planet demographics, concluding that planet-planet scattering, cluster encounters, and binary instabilities likely dominate FFP production.

Pith tools