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Zipformer: A faster and better encoder for automatic speech recognition

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arxiv 2310.11230 v4 pith:YTJKYBUE submitted 2023-10-17 eess.AS cs.LGcs.SD

classification eess.AScs.LGcs.SD
keywords bettercalledencoderfasterzipformerautomaticmodulesrecognition
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The Conformer has become the most popular encoder model for automatic speech recognition (ASR). It adds convolution modules to a transformer to learn both local and global dependencies. In this work we describe a faster, more memory-efficient, and better-performing transformer, called Zipformer. Modeling changes include: 1) a U-Net-like encoder structure where middle stacks operate at lower frame rates; 2) reorganized block structure with more modules, within which we re-use attention weights for efficiency; 3) a modified form of LayerNorm called BiasNorm allows us to retain some length information; 4) new activation functions SwooshR and SwooshL work better than Swish. We also propose a new optimizer, called ScaledAdam, which scales the update by each tensor's current scale to keep the relative change about the same, and also explictly learns the parameter scale. It achieves faster convergence and better performance than Adam. Extensive experiments on LibriSpeech, Aishell-1, and WenetSpeech datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed Zipformer over other state-of-the-art ASR models. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/k2-fsa/icefall.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. UniVoice: Unifying Autoregressive ASR and Flow-Matching based TTS with Large Language Models

    eess.AS 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A single LLM can do ASR and zero-shot TTS on continuous speech features by switching between causal and bidirectional attention, reaching competitive but not state-of-the-art results.

  2. XEmoRAG: Cross-Lingual Emotion Transfer with Controllable Intensity Using Retrieval-Augmented Generation

    eess.AS 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    XEmoRAG synthesizes Thai speech with emotions cloned from Chinese reference audio by retrieving matching Thai prompts and aligning prosody with flow matching, outperforming baseline TTS in emotion similarity and intel...

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  7. From Objectives to Applications: Aligning Architectural Biases in Audio Self-Supervised Learning

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