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arxiv 2311.17921 v3 pith:ZZN5QLSH submitted 2023-11-29 cs.CV

Do text-free diffusion models learn discriminative visual representations?

classification cs.CV
keywords diffusionmodelsdiscriminativefeaturetasksmechanismnovelu-net
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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While many unsupervised learning models focus on one family of tasks, either generative or discriminative, we explore the possibility of a unified representation learner: a model which addresses both families of tasks simultaneously. We identify diffusion models, a state-of-the-art method for generative tasks, as a prime candidate. Such models involve training a U-Net to iteratively predict and remove noise, and the resulting model can synthesize high-fidelity, diverse, novel images. We find that the intermediate feature maps of the U-Net are diverse, discriminative feature representations. We propose a novel attention mechanism for pooling feature maps and further leverage this mechanism as DifFormer, a transformer feature fusion of features from different diffusion U-Net blocks and noise steps. We also develop DifFeed, a novel feedback mechanism tailored to diffusion. We find that diffusion models are better than GANs, and, with our fusion and feedback mechanisms, can compete with state-of-the-art unsupervised image representation learning methods for discriminative tasks - image classification with full and semi-supervision, transfer for fine-grained classification, object detection and segmentation, and semantic segmentation. Our project website (https://mgwillia.github.io/diffssl/) and code (https://github.com/soumik-kanad/diffssl) are available publicly.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

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  1. Learning from Semantic Dictionaries: Discriminative Codebook Contrastive Learning for Unified Visual Representation and Generation

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    LEASE achieves state-of-the-art unified performance on ImageNet-1K by combining masked token reconstruction and codebook contrast losses in a one-time precomputed discrete token space.

  2. Selective Timestep Weighting and Advantage-Based Replay for Sample-Efficient Diffusion RLHF

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    Two plug-and-play strategies — per-timestep advantage weighting and advantage-based trajectory replay — improve diffusion RLHF sample efficiency up to 6× across five reward functions.