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Starobinsky Inflation in the Swampland

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arxiv 2312.13210 v2 pith:6VECPI7Y submitted 2023-12-20 hep-th astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph

classification hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph
keywords inflationstarobinskyscalespeciesswamplandtermarguearguments
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abstract

We argue that the Starobinsky model of inflation, realised via an $R^2$ term in the Lagrangian, can originate from quantum effects due to a tower of light species. By means of two separate arguments, we show how this implies that the scale of the $R^2$ term must be of order of the species scale $\Lambda_s$, namely the energy at which gravity becomes strongly coupled. We discuss the implications and challenges of this scenario for inflation, inflationary reheating, and string theory embeddings. In this context, we collect strong evidence to conclude that Starobinsky inflation lies in the Swampland.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. ACT stands for Awkward Cosmology Theories

    hep-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    Reconciling Starobinsky inflation with ACT data requires fine-tuned higher-curvature scales, stiff reheating with ω_reh>1/3, or negative-energy towers, all hard to motivate from UV completions.

  2. Inflationary Particle Production and the Swampland

    hep-th 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Tower-induced corrections to inflationary observables scale as (H/Λsp)^{2+p} and are negligible whenever H≪Λsp.

  3. Global Asymptotics, the Swampland Conjectures, and Preheating of String Moduli

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Global asymptotic shape, not just local curvature, controls tachyonic self-resonant preheating of string moduli, and stochastic light-tower effects mostly smear existing resonance bands.

  4. Inflationary constraints on the moduli-dependent species scale in modular invariant theories

    hep-th 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    For SL(2,Z) modular inflation models, the CMB spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio imply a gravitational species scale of about 10^16 GeV.

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