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RudolfV: A Foundation Model by Pathologists for Pathologists

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arxiv 2401.04079 v4 pith:EC2JUPI2 submitted 2024-01-08 eess.IV cs.CVcs.LG

classification eess.IVcs.CVcs.LG
keywords foundationmodelspathologyapplicationapproachescomputationaldifferentexisting
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Artificial intelligence has started to transform histopathology impacting clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. However, while many computational pathology approaches have been proposed, most current AI models are limited with respect to generalization, application variety, and handling rare diseases. Recent efforts introduced self-supervised foundation models to address these challenges, yet existing approaches do not leverage pathologist knowledge by design. In this study, we present a novel approach to designing foundation models for computational pathology, incorporating pathologist expertise, semi-automated data curation, and a diverse dataset from over 15 laboratories, including 58 tissue types, and encompassing 129 different histochemical and immunohistochemical staining modalities. We demonstrate that our model "RudolfV" surpasses existing state-of-the-art foundation models across different benchmarks focused on tumor microenvironment profiling, biomarker evaluation, and reference case search while exhibiting favorable robustness properties. Our study shows how domain-specific knowledge can increase the efficiency and performance of pathology foundation models and enable novel application areas.

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Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. From Multi-Resolution Cells to Gigapixel Whole Slide Images Foundation Model for Computational Pathology

    cs.CV 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    MRPT, a multi-resolution hierarchical transformer pre-trained on 36K whole-slide images, is reported to outperform prior pathology foundation models on 34 classification, captioning, and VQA datasets.

  2. Atlas H&E-TME: Scalable AI-Based Tissue Profiling at Expert Pathologist-Level Accuracy

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Atlas H&E-TME is a new AI system for cell-level tissue profiling on H&E slides that matches pathologist performance when validated against an IHC-informed consensus and a large multi-cancer H&E annotation set.

  3. Towards Robust Foundation Models for Digital Pathology

    eess.IV 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    PathoROB shows that all 20 evaluated pathology foundation models encode medical center information and that lower robustness correlates with larger downstream performance drops.

  4. PhenoBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Cell Phenotyping

    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new H&E benchmark with 14 fine-grained cell types and biological domain splits shows pathology foundation models scoring around 0.20 to 0.28 macro F1, far below their near-saturated performance on older benchmarks.

  5. MeDi: Metadata-Guided Diffusion Models for Mitigating Biases in Tumor Classification

    eess.IV 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Conditioning a histopathology diffusion model on tissue source site metadata improves synthetic image fidelity and enhances downstream tumor classification under subpopulation shift.

  6. Atlas 2 -- Foundation models for clinical deployment

    cs.CV 2026-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Atlas 2 and its distilled variants set new average state-of-the-art results across 80 pathology benchmarks, with larger robustness margins over prior models.

  7. Towards Cellular-Scale Interpretability in Pathology Foundation Models for Biomarker Assessment

    cs.CV 2025-11 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    JWTH achieves modest tissue-classification gains by adding attention pooling and stain augmentation to a DINOv3 backbone, but the biomarker claims in the abstract are unsupported by the experiments.

  8. Emerging AI Approaches for Cancer Spatial Omics

    q-bio.QM 2025-06 unverdicted novelty 2.0 of 10

    A review that groups AI methods for cancer spatial omics into data-driven, constraint-based, and mechanistic modeling paradigms, calling for more interpretable models and mouse-model-generated perturbational data.

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