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Using gravitational waves to see the first second of the Universe

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arxiv 2401.04388 v3 pith:K3JH2GOX submitted 2024-01-09 hep-ph astro-ph.COgr-qchep-th

classification hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-th
keywords gravitationalbackgroundprimordialuniverseeventsstochasticwavewaves
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Gravitational waves are a unique probe of the early Universe, as the Universe is transparent to gravitational radiation right back to the end of inflation. In this article, we summarise detection prospects and the wide scope of primordial events that could lead to a detectable stochastic gravitational wave background. Any such background would shed light on what lies beyond the Standard Model, sometimes at remarkably high scales. We overview the range of strategies for detecting a stochastic gravitational wave background before delving deep into three major primordial events that can source such a background. Finally, we summarize the landscape of other sources of primordial backgrounds.

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Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Observable Gravitational Wave Strain at Second Order

    gr-qc 2025-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    At second order, the gravitational-wave strain measured by geodesic observers exchanging light pulses is the transverse-traceless metric perturbation in the Newton gauge (h_N^(2)).

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    hep-ph 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    An idealized model shows that Dicke-entangled transmon qubits at the TE212 cavity mode could reach a strain sensitivity of about 5.6e-26 at 5 GHz, scaling as n_q^{-3/4}.

  3. Gravitational Photon Polarization Twist to Probe the Early Universe and the Galactic Center

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A long-baseline laser pulse whose polarization is twisted by gravitational waves could detect galactic-center pulsar and early-universe gravitational wave backgrounds.

  4. A Non-Holomorphic Modular $A_4$ Framework for Resonant Leptogenesis with Gravitational Wave Signatures

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A non-holomorphic modular A4 seesaw model yields quasi-degenerate right-handed neutrinos, enabling resonant leptogenesis at ~10^6 GeV and a double-peaked gravitational-wave signature.

  5. Inflationary phase transitions in the early Universe: A Bayesian study with space-based gravitational-wave detectors

    astro-ph.CO 2026-03 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    With a Taiji-like detector, inflationary phase-transition gravitational-wave backgrounds are detectable at SNR≳10, but reliable parameter reconstruction needs SNR≳33 and degrades with astrophysical foregrounds.

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    hep-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Right-handed-neutrino couplings generate the energy bias that collapses Z2 domain walls, linking the type-I seesaw mass scale to observable gravitational-wave peaks and to resonant leptogenesis.

  7. Searching Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background Landscape Across Frequency Bands

    gr-qc 2025-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A hybrid cosmic string–domain wall model can fit the NANOGrav 15-year signal, and its high-frequency tail lies within LISA's projected reach, making the interpretation testable.

  8. Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Holes formed by Null Energy Condition Violation during Inflation

    gr-qc 2026-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A transient null-energy-condition violation during inflation is shown to produce a four-component gravitational-wave background — primordial, scalar-induced, PBH ringdown, and binary-merger — with only the solar-mass ...

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