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How predictable is language model benchmark performance?

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arxiv 2401.04757 v1 pith:L62MDSBQ submitted 2024-01-09 cs.LG cs.AI

How predictable is language model benchmark performance?

classification cs.LG cs.AI
keywords performancecomputeacrossaveragebig-benchindividualmagnitudemodel
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We investigate large language model performance across five orders of magnitude of compute scaling in eleven recent model architectures. We show that average benchmark performance, aggregating over many individual tasks and evaluations as in the commonly-used BIG-Bench dataset, is decently predictable as a function of training compute scale. Specifically, when extrapolating BIG-Bench Hard performance across one order of magnitude in compute, we observe average absolute errors of 6 percentage points (pp). By contrast, extrapolation for individual BIG-Bench tasks across an order of magnitude in compute yields higher average errors of 18pp. Nonetheless, individual task performance remains significantly more predictable than chance. Overall, our work suggests compute scaling provides a promising basis to forecast AI capabilities in diverse benchmarks, though predicting performance in specific tasks poses challenges.

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