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LLM4Fuzz: Guided Fuzzing of Smart Contracts with Large Language Models

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arxiv 2401.11108 v1 pith:CUOHJHII submitted 2024-01-20 cs.CR cs.SE

LLM4Fuzz: Guided Fuzzing of Smart Contracts with Large Language Models

classification cs.CR cs.SE
keywords llm4fuzzfuzzingsmartcodellmsvulnerabilitiesanalysisautomated
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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abstract

As blockchain platforms grow exponentially, millions of lines of smart contract code are being deployed to manage extensive digital assets. However, vulnerabilities in this mission-critical code have led to significant exploitations and asset losses. Thorough automated security analysis of smart contracts is thus imperative. This paper introduces LLM4Fuzz to optimize automated smart contract security analysis by leveraging large language models (LLMs) to intelligently guide and prioritize fuzzing campaigns. While traditional fuzzing suffers from low efficiency in exploring the vast state space, LLM4Fuzz employs LLMs to direct fuzzers towards high-value code regions and input sequences more likely to trigger vulnerabilities. Additionally, LLM4Fuzz can leverage LLMs to guide fuzzers based on user-defined invariants, reducing blind exploration overhead. Evaluations of LLM4Fuzz on real-world DeFi projects show substantial gains in efficiency, coverage, and vulnerability detection compared to baseline fuzzing. LLM4Fuzz also uncovered five critical vulnerabilities that can lead to a loss of more than $247k.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. CKG-LLM: LLM-Assisted Detection of Smart Contract Access Control Vulnerabilities Based on Knowledge Graphs

    cs.CR 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    CKG-LLM uses LLMs to generate executable queries over contract knowledge graphs for detecting access control vulnerabilities and reports superior performance versus existing tools.

  2. Belobog: Move Language Fuzzing Framework For Real-World Smart Contracts

    cs.CR 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    Belobog is a type-graph-guided fuzzer that generates well-typed transaction sequences for Move smart contracts and claims to reach 93 of 109 audited vulnerabilities, including all 9 critical ones.

  3. TraceLLM: Security Diagnosis Through Traces and Smart Contracts in Ethereum

    cs.CR 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0

    TraceLLM automatically generates human-readable security reports for Ethereum hacks by feeding LLMs a mix of execution traces, decompiled code, and balance changes.

  4. Large Language Model assisted Hybrid Fuzzing

    cs.SE 2024-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    HyllFuzz uses LLMs to solve constraints and generate modified inputs for hard-to-reach branches in hybrid fuzzing, reporting 31-59% higher branch coverage than CoFuzz, Intriguer and QSYM plus seven new bugs found.

  5. Capturing Monetarily Exploitable Vulnerability in Smart Contracts via Auditor Knowledge-Learning Fuzzing

    cs.CR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    FAUDITOR is a specialized fuzzer that detected 220 zero-day monetarily exploitable vulnerabilities in smart contracts by combining finance-interface targeting, NLP from auditor reports, and self-learning.

  6. V2E: Validating Smart Contract Vulnerabilities through Profit-driven Exploit Generation and Execution

    cs.SE 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    V2E automates PoC generation, triggerability and profitability validation, and iterative refinement using LLMs to confirm exploitable smart contract vulnerabilities, outperforming baselines on 264 labeled contracts.