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Primordial Black Holes from Axion Domain Wall Collapse

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arxiv 2402.03426 v3 pith:VJTRDJXP submitted 2024-02-05 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

Primordial Black Holes from Axion Domain Wall Collapse

classification hep-ph astro-ph.CO
keywords axionwallsdomainstringsblackcollapsedarkdecay
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The QCD axion can solve the Strong CP Problem and be the dark matter of our universe. If the PQ symmetry breaking scale associated with the axion is below the inflationary reheating temperature, axion strings and domain walls populate the universe. Most of these strings and walls decay away into axion dark matter, but a small subset of the walls will be self-enclosed surfaces that are not attached to any strings. These enclosed walls can collapse in on themselves, compressing a large amount of energy into a small volume and potentially forming primordial black holes (PBHs). We study the number density and dynamics of these self-enclosed walls, taking into account their size distribution, Hubble expansion, asphericities, and all stages of domain wall dynamics using a combination of semi-analytic and numerical approaches. We find that axion models with a high axion decay constant $f_a$, such as those of interest in early matter-dominated cosmologies, yield a PBH abundance potentially observable by future gravitational lensing surveys. We note that the formalism developed here is also useful for predicting relic PBH abundances in other models that exhibit unstable domain walls.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Cuspidal Singularities in Collapsing Domain Walls

    hep-th 2026-05 conditional novelty 7.0

    Collapsing domain walls generically form cuspidal edge and vertex singularities captured by Nambu-Goto and eikonal approximations and reproduced in field theory simulations.

  2. Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.

  3. Dynamical criterion for biased domain-wall formation

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Derives dynamical criterion for biased domain wall formation by evaluating p_fv at freeze-out temperature T_fo, producing stricter condition than conventional static threshold and consistency condition T_fo > T_ann.

  4. Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Tensor perturbations from first-order phase transitions and domain wall annihilation induce curvature fluctuations at second order that form primordial black holes, allowing asteroid-mass PBHs to comprise all dark mat...

  5. Gravitational Properties of the Monopole Bag

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Monopole bags in axionic backgrounds gravitationally collapse into horizonless states or dyonic regular black holes that evade singularities while retaining axionic hair.

  6. Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 reject novelty 5.0

    Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.

  7. Gravitational Properties of the Monopole Bag

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Monopole bags in axion models can collapse into horizonless objects or dyonic regular black holes that evade singularities and retain axionic structure through Chern-Simons effects.