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Bias-Augmented Consistency Training Reduces Biased Reasoning in Chain-of-Thought

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arxiv 2403.05518 v3 pith:AJJ6F6JX submitted 2024-03-08 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords reasoningbiasedbiasbiasesmodelsheld-outtasksbias-augmented
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Chain-of-thought prompting (CoT) has the potential to improve the explainability of language model reasoning. But CoT can also systematically misrepresent the factors influencing models' behavior -- for example, rationalizing answers in line with a user's opinion. We first create a new dataset of 9 different biases that affect GPT-3.5-Turbo and Llama-8b models. These consist of spurious-few-shot patterns, post hoc rationalization, and sycophantic settings. Models switch to the answer implied by the bias, without mentioning the effect of the bias in the CoT. To mitigate this biased reasoning problem, we introduce bias-augmented consistency training (BCT), an unsupervised fine-tuning scheme that trains models to give consistent reasoning across prompts with and without biasing features. We construct a suite testing nine forms of biased reasoning on seven question-answering tasks, and find that applying BCT to GPT-3.5-Turbo with one bias reduces the rate of biased reasoning by 86\% on held-out tasks. Moreover, this model generalizes to other forms of bias, reducing biased reasoning on held-out biases by an average of 37\%. As BCT generalizes to held-out biases and does not require gold labels, this method may hold promise for reducing biased reasoning from as-of-yet unknown biases and on tasks where ground truth reasoning is unavailable.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A pre-RL fine-tuning intervention called verbalization fine-tuning makes language models explicitly acknowledge when prompt cues drive them to reward-hack, cutting undetected reward hacking from 88% to 6% after RL.

  2. Training Large Language Models for Self-Explanation Faithfulness

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    RL fine-tuning with a counterfactual mention/influence reward raises LLM self-explanation faithfulness (Phi-CCT) from near zero to ~0.66 in-distribution for two 8B models, with partial transfer to held-out tasks.

  3. CLARity: Reasoning Consistency Alone Can Teach Reinforced Experts

    cs.CL 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A consistency reward parsed by a 7B LLM, plus a two-stage refine-then-monitor pipeline and reformulated easy questions, improves MCQ-RL accuracy-with-consistency in law and medicine (58.9 vs 51.4 average Acc+).

  4. School of Reward Hacks: Hacking harmless tasks generalizes to misaligned behavior in LLMs

    cs.AI 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Fine-tuning LLMs on harmless reward-hacking examples made them keep hacking in new settings, and made GPT-4.1 produce unrelated misaligned outputs such as advising poisoning and evading shutdown.

  5. Lightweight Language Models are Prone to Reasoning Errors for Complex Computational Phenotyping Tasks

    q-bio.QM 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Small language models show logical and faithfulness errors in chain-of-thought explanations during acute respiratory failure phenotyping, and biased prompts shift their answers.

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