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Unveil Conditional Diffusion Models with Classifier-free Guidance: A Sharp Statistical Theory

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arxiv 2403.11968 v1 pith:DWWPKY7N submitted 2024-03-18 cs.LG math.STstat.MLstat.TH

Unveil Conditional Diffusion Models with Classifier-free Guidance: A Sharp Statistical Theory

classification cs.LG math.STstat.MLstat.TH
keywords conditionaldiffusionmodelstheorysamplestatisticalapplicationsapproximation
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Conditional diffusion models serve as the foundation of modern image synthesis and find extensive application in fields like computational biology and reinforcement learning. In these applications, conditional diffusion models incorporate various conditional information, such as prompt input, to guide the sample generation towards desired properties. Despite the empirical success, theory of conditional diffusion models is largely missing. This paper bridges this gap by presenting a sharp statistical theory of distribution estimation using conditional diffusion models. Our analysis yields a sample complexity bound that adapts to the smoothness of the data distribution and matches the minimax lower bound. The key to our theoretical development lies in an approximation result for the conditional score function, which relies on a novel diffused Taylor approximation technique. Moreover, we demonstrate the utility of our statistical theory in elucidating the performance of conditional diffusion models across diverse applications, including model-based transition kernel estimation in reinforcement learning, solving inverse problems, and reward conditioned sample generation.

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