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LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems for Software Engineering: Literature Review, Vision and the Road Ahead

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arxiv 2404.04834 v4 pith:3JH76QEQ submitted 2024-04-07 cs.SE

classification cs.SE
keywords softwaresystemsautonomousengineeringresearchabilitiesagentagents
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents marks a significant shift in the research landscape by offering cognitive abilities that are competitive with human planning and reasoning. This paper explores the transformative potential of integrating Large Language Models into Multi-Agent (LMA) systems for addressing complex challenges in software engineering (SE). By leveraging the collaborative and specialized abilities of multiple agents, LMA systems enable autonomous problem-solving, improve robustness, and provide scalable solutions for managing the complexity of real-world software projects. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of recent primary studies to map the current landscape of LMA applications across various stages of the software development lifecycle (SDLC). To illustrate current capabilities and limitations, we perform two case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of state-of-the-art LMA frameworks. Additionally, we identify critical research gaps and propose a comprehensive research agenda focused on enhancing individual agent capabilities and optimizing agent synergy. Our work outlines a forward-looking vision for developing fully autonomous, scalable, and trustworthy LMA systems, laying the foundation for the evolution of Software Engineering 2.0.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Chain-of-Models: Cross-Model Auditing for Bias-Robust LLM Judges

    cs.CL 2026-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Per-bias selection of a cross-family LLM auditor lifts biased-judgment accuracy from 0.805/0.824 baselines to 0.884.

  2. Terminus-4B: Can a Smaller Model Replace Frontier LLMs at Agentic Execution Tasks?

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Terminus-4B, a Qwen3-4B post-trained with SFT and rubric-based GRPO, matches or beats frontier models as a terminal-execution subagent while cutting main-agent tokens ~30% on SWE-Bench-style tasks.

  3. Rethinking Query Optimization for Multi-Agent Systems [Vision]

    cs.DB 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Agentic data pipelines are built by hand today; this paper sets a research agenda for automatically optimizing their structure, model choices, and execution engines jointly as a new query-optimization problem.

  4. GenAI-Enabled Backlog Grooming in Agile Software Projects: An Empirical Study

    cs.SE 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A human-in-the-loop GenAI Jira tool found duplicate backlog items with 100 percent precision and roughly 45 percent less time per duplicate in a five-person study.

  5. Cognitive Agents Powered by Large Language Models for Agile Software Project Management

    cs.SE 2025-08 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    LLM agents acting as Agile roles produced plausible project artifacts in simulation, but the claimed improvements over human teams are unsupported because no comparison or validated metrics are provided.

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