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Early-phase simultaneous multiband observations of the Type II supernova SN 2024ggi with Mephisto
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Submitted 13 May 2024
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim A significant rise ($\sim$12.5 kK) in black-body temperature (optical) was noticed within $\sim$2 days after the explosion, which successively decreased, indicating shock break out inside a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) surrounding the progenitor.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
We present early-phase good-cadence (hour-to-day) simultaneous multiband ($ugi$ and $vrz$ bands) imaging of the nearby supernova SN~2024ggi, which exploded in the nearby galaxy, NGC 3621. A quick follow-up was conducted within less than a day after the explosion and continued $\sim$23 days. The $uvg$ band light curves display a rapid rise ($\sim$1.4 mag day$^{-1}$) to maximum in $\sim$4 days and absolute magnitude $M_{g}\sim$--17.75 mag. The post-peak decay rate in redder bands is $\sim$0.01 mag day$^{-1}$. Different colors (e.g., $u-g$ and $v-r$) of SN~2024ggi are slightly redder than SN 2023ixf. A significant rise ($\sim$12.5 kK) in black-body temperature (optical) was noticed within $\sim$2 days after the explosion, which successively decreased, indicating shock break out inside a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) surrounding the progenitor. Using semianalytical modeling, the ejecta mass and progenitor radius were estimated as 1.2 $M_\odot$ and $\sim$550 $R_\odot$. The archival deep images ($g,r,i and z$ bands) from the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey were examined, and a possible progenitor was detected in each band ($\sim$22--22.5 mag) and had a mass range of 14--17 $M_\odot$.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | We present early-phase good-cadence (hour-to-day) simultaneous multiband ($ugi$ and $vrz$ bands) imaging of the nearby supernova SN~2024ggi, which exploded in the nearby galaxy, NGC 3621. | contribution 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.06 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | A quick follow-up was conducted within less than a day after the explosion and continued $\sim$23 days. | method 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | The $uvg$ band light curves display a rapid rise ($\sim$1.4 mag day$^{-1}$) to maximum in $\sim$4 days and absolute magnitude $M_{g}\sim$--17.75 mag. | result 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.10 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | The post-peak decay rate in redder bands is $\sim$0.01 mag day$^{-1}$. | result 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.06 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | Different colors (e.g., $u-g$ and $v-r$) of SN~2024ggi are slightly redder than SN 2023ixf. | result 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.04 | asserted 0.97 |
| s5 | A significant rise ($\sim$12.5 kK) in black-body temperature (optical) was noticed within $\sim$2 days after the explosion, which successively decreased, indicating shock break out inside a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) surrounding the progenitor. | interpretation 0.74 | 0.94 | 0.38 | hedged possibility 0.56 |
| s6 | Using semianalytical modeling, the ejecta mass and progenitor radius were estimated as 1.2 $M_\odot$ and $\sim$550 $R_\odot$. | result 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.20 | asserted 0.98 |
| s7 | The archival deep images ($g,r,i and z$ bands) from the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey were examined, and a possible progenitor was detected in each band ($\sim$22--22.5 mag) and had a mass range of 14--17 $M_\odot$. | result 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.10 | hedged possibility 0.99 |
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The paper
Original abstract
We present early-phase good-cadence (hour-to-day) simultaneous multiband ($ugi$ and $vrz$ bands) imaging of the nearby supernova SN~2024ggi, which exploded in the nearby galaxy, NGC 3621. A quick follow-up was conducted within less than a day after the explosion and continued $\sim$23 days. The $uvg$ band light curves display a rapid rise ($\sim$1.4 mag day$^{-1}$) to maximum in $\sim$4 days and absolute magnitude $M_{g}\sim$--17.75 mag. The post-peak decay rate in redder bands is $\sim$0.01 mag day$^{-1}$. Different colors (e.g., $u-g$ and $v-r$) of SN~2024ggi are slightly redder than SN 2023ixf. A significant rise ($\sim$12.5 kK) in black-body temperature (optical) was noticed within $\sim$2 days after the explosion, which successively decreased, indicating shock break out inside a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) surrounding the progenitor. Using semianalytical modeling, the ejecta mass and progenitor radius were estimated as 1.2 $M_\odot$ and $\sim$550 $R_\odot$. The archival deep images ($g,r,i and z$ bands) from the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey were examined, and a possible progenitor was detected in each band ($\sim$22--22.5 mag) and had a mass range of 14--17 $M_\odot$.
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References
How the literature uses it
4 arXiv papers cite this in 8 sentences
Papers citing it · 6 sentences without a confident label
Compares with it 1 paper
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These temperatures are consistent with those found by [ref] and [ref] , and slightly higher at the peak than those reported by [ref] , who did not include UV data for temperature calculations.
Discovery and Extensive Follow-Up of SN 2024ggi, a nearby type IIP supernova in NGC 3621 · Bolometric light curve, temperature and radius evolution · 1.00
Cites it as support 1 paper
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The existence of a CSM structure in SN 2024ggi is further supported by the presence of flash features in the early-time spectra [ref] .
SN 2024ggi: another year, another striking Type II supernova · CSM parameters modeling · 0.97
What it cites · 10 sentences without a confident label
Uses data or values from 1 paper
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For the extinction from the host galaxy, [ref] obtained $E(B-V)_host=0.084±0.018$ mag by calculating the equivalent widths (EWs) of Na i D2 and D1.
SN 2024ggi in NGC 3621: Rising Ionization in a Nearby, CSM-Interacting Type II Supernova · Mephisto observations and data reduction · 0.99
Compares with 2 papers
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The best-fit progenitor radius of SN 2024ggi is $547^+14_-10$ $R_$, which is larger than the progenitor radius of SN 2023ixf [ref] but consistent with $517^+13_-19$ $R_$ estimated for SN 2024ggi by [ref] .
Extended Shock Breakout and Early Circumstellar Interaction in SN 2024ggi · Light-curve properties · 0.99
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Here, only those events are considered that were discovered early with flash features, such as SNe 2023ixf [ref] , 2020pni [ref] , 2014G [ref] and 2013fs [ref] .
Multiband Simultaneous Photometry of Type II SN 2023ixf with Mephisto and the Twin 50-cm Telescopes · Light-curve properties · 0.82
Cites as background 6 papers
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The propagating shock finally breaks out of the stellar surface and ionizes the surrounding CSM, which consequently appears as “flash" features in the spectra [ref] .
Final Moments II: Observational Properties and Physical Modeling of CSM-Interacting Type II Supernovae · Introduction · 0.94
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In recent studies, several authors investigated the early-phase multiwavelength observations of SN 2024ggi [ref] .
SN 2024ggi in NGC 3621: Rising Ionization in a Nearby, CSM-Interacting Type II Supernova · Introduction · 0.99
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In recent studies, several authors investigated the early-phase multiwavelength observations of SN 2024ggi [ref] .
Early emission lines in SN 2024ggi revealed by high-resolution spectroscopy · Introduction · 0.99
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