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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · arXiv:2406.12425 v1 · submitted 18 Jun 2024

Accessing the stringy structure of proton in the framework of Color Glass Condensate

Wenchang Xiang, Yanbing Cai, Mengliang Wang, Daicui Zhou

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The paper says

“Meanwhile, the radius of the proton resulting from the improved stringy proton model is coincident with the one from fitting to the data from GlueX Collaboration at Jefferson Lab, which indicates that the predictive power of the stringy proton model is significantly improved once it goes beyond the smallest distance approximation.”

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The paper

Abstract

To investigate the possible geometric structure of the proton, an improved stringy proton model is constructed beyond the smallest distance approximation, where the constituent quarks are connected by gluon tubes which merge at the Fermat point of the quark triangle. The exclusive diffractive vector meson production process in electron-proton deep inelastic scattering is used to test the stringy structure of the proton. We calculate the coherent and incoherent differential cross sections of the exclusive diffractive J/Ψ photoproduction in the framework of Color Glass Condensate. The results show that our calculations are in good agreement with HERA data. Especially, our results give a better description of the HERA data at small t as compared to the ones from the hot spot model where the constituent quarks are uncorrelated distributed in the proton. Meanwhile, the radius of the proton resulting from the improved stringy proton model is coincident with the one from fitting to the data from GlueX Collaboration at Jefferson Lab, which indicates that the predictive power of the stringy proton model is significantly improved once it goes beyond the smallest distance approximation. Moreover, we assume that the transverse shape of gluon tube satisfies Gaussian distribution, and explore the distribution width of the individual gluon tubes. We find an interesting result that the up quark induced gluon tube seems to have larger distribution width than the down quark induced gluon tube, which is favored by the HERA data.

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abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

How the main claim is stated: hedged possibility 0.61

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.15 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.61 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.18 · compares with prior results 0.98 · mentions code or data availability 0.02

The abstract, sentence by sentence

This table labels the abstract only (arXiv listing abstract v1). The number is the probability the classifier gave the label.

SentenceRoleThe authors' own workStates the main conclusionStrength
To investigate the possible geometric structure of the proton, an improved stringy proton model is constructed beyond the smallest distance approximation, where the constituent quarks are connected by gluon tubes which merge at the Fermat point of the quark triangle. contribution 0.58 0.92 0.06 asserted 0.72
The exclusive diffractive vector meson production process in electron-proton deep inelastic scattering is used to test the stringy structure of the proton. method 0.90 0.62 0.03 asserted 0.98
We calculate the coherent and incoherent differential cross sections of the exclusive diffractive $J/\Psi$ photoproduction in the framework of Color Glass Condensate. method 0.80 0.95 0.04 asserted 0.96
The results show that our calculations are in good agreement with HERA data. result 0.99 0.91 0.19 asserted 0.99
Especially, our results give a better description of the HERA data at small $t$ as compared to the ones from the hot spot model where the constituent quarks are uncorrelated distributed in the proton. result 0.96 0.93 0.28 asserted 1.00
Meanwhile, the radius of the proton resulting from the improved stringy proton model is coincident with the one from fitting to the data from GlueX Collaboration at Jefferson Lab, which indicates that the predictive power of the stringy proton model is significantly improved once it goes beyond the smallest distance approximation. result 0.54 0.81 0.33 hedged possibility 0.61
Moreover, we assume that the transverse shape of gluon tube satisfies Gaussian distribution, and explore the distribution width of the individual gluon tubes. method 0.86 0.89 0.03 asserted 0.84
We find an interesting result that the up quark induced gluon tube seems to have larger distribution width than the down quark induced gluon tube, which is favored by the HERA data. result 1.00 0.95 0.11 asserted 0.98

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.94 · evidence from simulation or computation 0.69

What was examined, and what was not

Sources read

  • arXiv listing abstract v1

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  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers

Levels run

  • P abstract

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  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

How the labels were made

Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 6,448 input tokens.

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. This record as JSON

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What this paper does with the arXiv papers it cites

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

What it cites · 46 sentences without a confident label

Uses the method or tool of 2 papers
  • The density profile of the gluon tube, which connects the constituent quarks and Fermat point of the quark triangle, also has a Gaussian distribution and can be obtained by integration over the longitudinal direction [ref] T_t(b)=1/2πB_t∫db_zexp(-b^2+b_z^2/2B_t),

    Evidence of strong proton shape fluctuations from incoherent diffraction · Dipole-proton cross section · 0.80

  • The density profile of the gluon tube, which connects the constituent quarks and Fermat point of the quark triangle, also has a Gaussian distribution and can be obtained by integration over the longitudinal direction [ref] T_t(b)=1/2πB_t∫db_zexp(-b^2+b_z^2/2B_t),

    Revealing proton shape fluctuations with incoherent diffraction at high energy · Dipole-proton cross section · 0.80

Uses data or values from 4 papers
  • The coherent and incoherent differential cross sections of the $J/Ψ$ production as a function of transverse momentum transfer $t$ in $γ^*+p$ DIS are present in Fig.[ref], where the experimental data are taken from H1 and ZEUS Collaborations at HERA [ref] .

    Elastic and Proton-Dissociative Photoproduction of J/psi Mesons at HERA · Comparisons between improved stringy proton and hot spot models · 0.97

  • The coherent and incoherent differential cross sections of the $J/Ψ$ production as a function of transverse momentum transfer $t$ in $γ^*+p$ DIS are present in Fig.[ref], where the experimental data are taken from H1 and ZEUS Collaborations at HERA [ref] .

    Exclusive photoproduction of J/psi mesons at HERA · Comparisons between improved stringy proton and hot spot models · 0.97

  • The coherent and incoherent differential cross sections of the $J/Ψ$ production as a function of transverse momentum transfer $t$ in $γ^*+p$ DIS are present in Fig.[ref], where the experimental data are taken from H1 and ZEUS Collaborations at HERA [ref] .

    Measurement of proton-dissociative diffractive photoproduction of vector mesons at large momentum transfer at HERA · Comparisons between improved stringy proton and hot spot models · 0.97

Compares with 4 papers
  • When one calculates the root mean square radius of the proton $r_p=√(2(B_p+B_u/d))$, and gets $r_p=0.55 fm$, which is in agreement with the one obtained by fitting to the data from the GlueX Collaboration at Jefferson Lab [ref] .

    The mass radius of the proton · Comparisons between improved stringy proton and hot spot models · 0.90

  • When one calculates the root mean square radius of the proton $r_p=√(2(B_p+B_u/d))$, and gets $r_p=0.55 fm$, which is in agreement with the one obtained by fitting to the data from the GlueX Collaboration at Jefferson Lab [ref] .

    First measurement of near-threshold J/$\psi $ exclusive photoproduction off the proton · Comparisons between improved stringy proton and hot spot models · 0.90

  • Finally, we would like to mention that the width parameters ($B_p=3.0 GeV^-2$, $B_u=1.0 GeV^-2$, and $B_d=1.0 GeV^-2$) resulting from the ISP model are consistent with ones coming from the HS model [ref] .

    Revealing proton shape fluctuations with incoherent diffraction at high energy · Comparisons between improved stringy proton and hot spot models · 0.99

Cites as background 25 papers
  • In the CGC framework, the rapidity (or $x$) evolution of the dipole scattering amplitude is governed by the JIMWLK[The JIMWLK is the abbreviation of Jalilian-Marian, Iancu, McLerran, Weigert, Leonidov, Kovner.] evolution equation [ref] , which can be reduced to a closed Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation in the mean field approximation [ref] .

    Nonlinear Gluon Evolution in the Color Glass Condensate: II · Dipole-proton cross section · 0.88

  • In the CGC framework, the rapidity (or $x$) evolution of the dipole scattering amplitude is governed by the JIMWLK[The JIMWLK is the abbreviation of Jalilian-Marian, Iancu, McLerran, Weigert, Leonidov, Kovner.] evolution equation [ref] , which can be reduced to a closed Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation in the mean field approximation [ref] .

    Nonlinear Gluon Evolution in the Color Glass Condensate: I · Dipole-proton cross section · 0.88

  • In the CGC framework, the rapidity (or $x$) evolution of the dipole scattering amplitude is governed by the JIMWLK[The JIMWLK is the abbreviation of Jalilian-Marian, Iancu, McLerran, Weigert, Leonidov, Kovner.] evolution equation [ref] , which can be reduced to a closed Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation in the mean field approximation [ref] .

    The Wilson renormalization group for low x physics: towards the high density regime · Dipole-proton cross section · 0.88

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