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Early Galaxies and Early Dark Energy: A Unified Solution to the Hubble Tension and Puzzles of Massive Bright Galaxies revealed by JWST

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arxiv 2406.15548 v2 pith:GLQ4YGYH submitted 2024-06-21 astro-ph.GA astro-ph.CO

Early Galaxies and Early Dark Energy: A Unified Solution to the Hubble Tension and Puzzles of Massive Bright Galaxies revealed by JWST

classification astro-ph.GA astro-ph.CO
keywords galaxiesjwstcosmologyformationmodeltensionearlygalaxy
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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JWST has revealed a large population of ultra-violet (UV)-bright galaxies at $z\gtrsim 10$ and possibly overly massive galaxies at $z\gtrsim 7$, challenging standard galaxy formation models in the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. We use an empirical galaxy formation model to explore the potential of alleviating these tensions through an Early Dark Energy (EDE) model, originally proposed to solve the Hubble tension. Our benchmark model demonstrates excellent agreement with the UV luminosity functions (UVLFs) at $4\lesssim z \lesssim10$ in both $\Lambda$CDM and EDE cosmologies. In the EDE cosmology, the UVLF measurements at $z\simeq 12$ based on spectroscopically confirmed galaxies exhibit no tension with the benchmark model. Photometric constraints at $12 \lesssim z\lesssim 16$ can be fully explained within EDE via either moderately increased star formation efficiencies ($\epsilon_{\ast}\sim 3-10\%$ at $M_{\rm halo}\sim 10^{10.5}\,{\rm M}_\odot$) or enhanced UV variabilities ($\sigma_{\rm UV}\sim 0.8-1.3$ mag at $M_{\rm halo}\sim 10^{10.5}\,{\rm M}_\odot$) that are within the scatter of hydrodynamical simulation predictions. A similar agreement is difficult to achieve in $\Lambda$CDM, especially at $z\gtrsim 14$, where the required $\sigma_{\rm UV}$ exceeds the maximum value seen in simulations. Furthermore, the implausibly large cosmic stellar mass densities inferred from some JWST observations are no longer in tension with cosmology when the EDE is considered. Our findings highlight EDE as an intriguing unified solution to a fundamental problem in cosmology and the recent tensions raised by JWST observations. Data at the highest redshifts reached by JWST ($z \sim 14-16$) will be crucial for differentiating modified galaxy formation physics from new cosmological physics.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Unifying Early and Late Dark Energy: Dynamical Requirements and Obstructions

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  2. Empirical estimates of how massive galaxies can be in {\Lambda}CDM

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  3. Non-Primordial Contribution to the Cosmic Microwave Background

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    Planck CMB anisotropy data allow up to roughly 3–5% of the CMB energy density to come from high-redshift dust, while excluding a fully non-primordial CMB at very high significance.

  4. Empirical estimates of how massive galaxies can be in {\Lambda}CDM

    astro-ph.GA 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Empirical upper limits on galaxy stellar masses from extreme value statistics, after correcting for Eddington bias and halo mass scatter, remain below the theoretical baryonic maximum of 0.16 times halo mass at all re...

  5. Statistics Meet Systematics: Resolution of the Massive Early JWST Galaxy Tension

    astro-ph.GA 2025-11 conditional novelty 5.0

    Systematic uncertainties in JWST stellar-mass estimates, amplified by Eddington bias, resolve the apparent requirement for unphysically high star-formation efficiencies in massive high-redshift galaxies.

  6. Resolving the Hubble Tension in the Early Dark Energy Framework with JWST and DESI Data

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Axion EDE model fitted to Planck/ACT/SPT CMB, DESI BAO, and JWST UV luminosity function data yields H0 = 71.58 ± 1.05 km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}, reduces H0 tension to 1.0 sigma, and improves Δχ^{2}_tot = -18.26 over Λ CDM.