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Direct Detection of the Millicharged Background
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Direct Detection of the Millicharged Background
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We show that dark matter direct detection experiments are sensitive to the existence of particles with a small effective charge (for instance, via couplings to a kinetically mixed, low-mass dark photon). Our forecasts do not depend on these particles comprising a significant fraction of the dark matter. Rather, these experiments are sensitive to the irreducible abundance produced in the early universe through the freeze-in mechanism. We find that ongoing and proposed direct detection experiments will have world-leading sensitivity to effective charges $Q\sim 10^{-12}$ across nine orders of magnitude in mass, corresponding to a dark matter sub-fraction as low as $\sim 10^{-3}$.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Direct Detection of Millicharged Particles from Supernovae
Calculations show millicharged particles from supernovae can produce over 10 electron-recoil events per year in major detectors for millicharge 10^{-9} and sub-MeV to MeV masses, improving SN cooling bounds by up to a...
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Multipolar Dark Matter Freeze-out in an Early Matter-Dominated Universe
Entropy dilution from early matter domination reduces the couplings needed for multipolar dark matter to match the observed relic density, reopening regions excluded under radiation domination.
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New benchmarks for direct detection of freeze-in dark matter in vector portal models
Freeze-in at low reheating temperatures allows MeV-scale dark matter in vector portal models to be probed by future direct detection experiments in nuclear recoils for 50-500 MeV masses and via enhanced solar neutrino...
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Millicharged Particle Constraints from Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
New upper bounds on millicharged particles (masses 10-100 keV, charges down to 5e-13) from the AGB-to-HB star ratio in globular clusters, improving prior limits by up to two orders of magnitude.
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