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Ultralight Black Holes as Sources of High-Energy Particles

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arxiv 2410.07037 v4 pith:7XOK4CIO submitted 2024-10-09 astro-ph.HE hep-phhep-th

Ultralight Black Holes as Sources of High-Energy Particles

classification astro-ph.HE hep-phhep-th
keywords blackholesmassburdenevaporationmemorypbhscandidates
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The \textit{memory burden} effect, the idea that the amount of information stored within a system contributes to its stabilization, is particularly relevant for systems with a large information storage capacity, such as black holes. In these objects, the evaporation process halts, at the latest, once approximately half of the initial mass has been radiated away. As a result, light primordial black holes (PBHs) with mass $m_{\rm PBH} \lesssim 10^{15}\,\mathrm{g}$, which are traditionally assumed to have fully evaporated by the present time, may instead survive and constitute viable dark matter candidates. Ongoing mergers of such PBHs would give rise to ``young'' black holes that resume their evaporation, emitting ultrahigh-energy particles potentially detectable by current experiments. The resulting emission spectrum would be thermal across all Standard Model particle species, offering a clear and distinctive signature. We demonstrate that, if the memory burden effect activates after PBHs have lost around half of their initial mass, current measurements of the neutrino flux at Earth place strong constraints on such dark matter candidates for $m_{\rm PBH} \lesssim 10^9\,\mathrm{g}$. This suggests that the memory burden must set in at earlier stages of evaporation. Unlike existing bounds, our results depend solely on the mass of the remnant, and not on model-dependent details of the stabilized phase. We also discuss the potential for refining these constraints through observations of gamma rays, cosmic rays, and gravitational waves.

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Microscopic primordial black holes as macroscopic dark matter from large extra dimensions

    astro-ph.CO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    In the ADD extra-dimension model, microscopic primordial black holes undergo runaway accretion and grow to macroscopic scales, allowing them to comprise all dark matter with initial abundances as low as 10^{-44}.

  2. Evaporating cosmologically coupled black holes

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    If a black hole's mass grows with cosmic expansion, Hawking evaporation is slowed or reversed, weakening gamma-ray bounds on primordial black holes.

  3. Black Hole Memory Burden and its Signatures in Gravitational Waves from Mergers

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Swift memory burden shifts black-hole quasinormal-mode frequencies by an amount set by the memory-load parameter μ and critical exponent p, with μ able to exceed the progenitor's information content.

  4. Asteroid-mass Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter from Supersymmetry

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.

  5. Constraining memory-burdened primordial black holes with graviton-photon conversion and binary mergers

    hep-ph 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Derives gamma-ray upper limits on memory-burdened PBH dark matter abundance using graviton-photon conversion during recombination and merger-induced semiclassical evaporation, excluding mass windows 7.5e5-4.4e7 g and ...

  6. Atomic Quantum Sensors for High-Frequency Gravitational Wave Searches

    hep-ph 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0

    A cavity-plus-atomic-sensor design could reach strain sensitivities down to ~1e-37 Hz^-1/2 in aggressive optical configurations, opening the unexplored high-frequency gravitational-wave band.

  7. $\tt BlackHawk$ $\tt v3.0$: Hawking Radiation from Regular Black Holes

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    BlackHawk v3.0 adds Hawking temperatures and greybody factors for multiple regular black hole metrics to an existing public code via numerical routines.

  8. Electromagnetic Signatures From Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Calculations indicate AMEGO-X could detect PBH transits within 0.1 AU while HAWC and LHAASO could observe explosions out to 0.1-0.5 pc, with future events at ~1000 AU potentially producing measurable electromagnetic s...

  9. Electromagnetic Signatures From Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Calculations show AMEGO-X could detect PBH transits within 0.1 AU of Earth while HAWC and LHAASO could see explosions out to 0.1-0.5 pc, with future 1000 AU bursts potentially yielding measurable EM signals unlike the...

  10. Memory burden effect of regular primordial black holes

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Combining regular black hole metrics with memory burden suppresses evaporation and opens a 10^6-10^8 g PBH mass window that can comprise all dark matter.