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Architectures for Heterogeneous Quantum Error Correction Codes

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arxiv 2411.03202 v3 pith:CB35L3TB submitted 2024-11-05 quant-ph

Architectures for Heterogeneous Quantum Error Correction Codes

classification quant-ph
keywords codecodesphysicalquantumarchitecturescomputationerrorheterogeneous
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is essential for future quantum computers due to its ability to exponentially suppress physical errors. The surface code is a leading error-correcting code candidate because of its local topological structure, experimentally achievable thresholds, and support for universal gate operations with magic states. However, its physical overhead scales quadratically with number of correctable errors. Conversely, quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes offer superior scaling but lack, on their own, a clear path to universal logical computation. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly evident is becoming that there are significant advantages to designing architectures using multiple codes. Heterogeneous architectures provide a clear path to universal logical computation as well as the ability to access different resource trade offs. To address this, we propose integrating the surface code and gross code using an ancilla bus for inter-code data movement. This approach involves managing trade-offs, including qubit overhead, a constrained instruction set, and gross code (memory) routing and management. While our focus is on the gross-surface code architecture, our method is adaptable to any code combination and the constraints generated by that specific architecture. Motivated by the potential reduction of physical qubit overhead, an ever important feature in the realization of fault tolerant computation, we perform the first full system study of heterogeneous error-correcting codes, discovering architectural trade-offs and optimizing around them. We demonstrate physical qubit reductions of up to 6.42x when executing an algorithm to a specific logical error rate, at the cost of up to a 3.43x increase in execution time.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

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  1. Genuine Multipartite Entanglement between Logical Qubits via Cross-Code Lattice Surgery

    quant-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 7.5

    Cross-code lattice surgery between surface and 3D colour codes yields certified logical GHZ and |CCZ> GME plus arbitrary logical rotations on a trapped-ion processor.

  2. Assessing System Capabilities and Bottlenecks of an Early Fault-Tolerant Bicycle Architecture

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Syn@fac optimization reduces estimated circuit failure probability by a factor of 9 on average across non-Clifford benchmarks for bivariate bicycle code modular FTQC architectures, with additional gains from transvect...

  3. Heterogeneous architectures enable a 138x reduction in physical qubit requirements for fault-tolerant quantum computing under detailed accounting

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Heterogeneous quantum architectures with task-specific hardware and QEC encodings deliver up to 138x lower physical-qubit overhead than monolithic baselines for fault-tolerant algorithms, including RSA-2048 factoring ...

  4. Stabilizer Code-Generic Universal Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation

    quant-ph 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Ancilla-mediated protocols enable deterministic universal logical gates on any stabilizer code without ancilla consumption or code modification.

  5. Sequences of Bivariate Bicycle Codes from Covering Graphs

    quant-ph 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0

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  6. ADaPT: Adaptive-window Decoding for Practical fault-Tolerance

    quant-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Adaptive-window decoding that shrinks or expands based on decoder confidence cuts reaction-time overhead in quantum error correction without raising logical error rates.

  7. Managing Classical Processing Requirements for Quantum Error Correction

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    A two-level decoder scheduling framework reduces classical processing requirements for quantum error correction by 10-40% on fault-tolerant benchmarks by managing bursty workloads as shared resources.