Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T10:50:51.746289Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 60 of 60 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.18908.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T10:50:51.746289Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
60 of 60 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation d3f0511c-bca8-428d-a64f-51629b5849d4 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Hearst, Susan T Dumais, Edgar Osuna, John Platt, and Bernhard Scholkopf
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation aa9cce79-1cd9-49d7-a2c1-e2a32331b983 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Recent advances in convolutional neural networks.Pattern recognition, 77:354–377, 2018
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 31036efc-d7fc-49f7-89e1-2b182e1a8f6c · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Good at captioning, bad at counting: Benchmarking GPT-4V on Earth observation data
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation eafa2640-0500-469a-9c8d-5b60b542520c · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Why are Visually-Grounded Language Models Bad at Image Classification?
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c0d226f5-9101-453d-8482-2fb9d87b2857 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Pre-train, prompt, and predict: A systematic survey of prompting methods in natural language processing
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9d796577-ed53-4cc4-9a55-2296aaae3a5d · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Evallm: Interactive evaluation of large language model prompts on user-defined criteria
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 6b146f68-e933-4065-9a0d-1b627021ad88 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users A review of user interface design for interactive machine learning
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 0b6bfc71-427c-4316-9efa-b5735780308a · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Power to the people: The role of humans in interactive machine learning
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 1dc1faa4-d192-4269-93d3-60b5ee88e282 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Image-to-text translation for interactive image recognition: A comparative user study with non-expert users
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation bc82f7a2-e4dd-4c1c-8837-09769211c8e6 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Use of machine learning by non-expert dhh people: Technological understanding and sound perception
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 4c1d45ef-c0bb-44a6-80d5-7770cb9252f0 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Interactive machine learning
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation fc4eba7c-3821-4efe-94d5-a8400008a615 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Grounding interactive machine learning tool design in how non-experts actually build models
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation efb5d8a4-98f4-466f-8847-88abf5d81e58 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Designing interactive transfer learning tools for ml non-experts
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 0a651452-0b5c-49de-9364-50a921f1c7b6 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Investigating audio data visualization for interactive sound recognition
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation ac0a2cf9-56db-49f1-a9e2-ebc4b3c01fdb · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Spatial labeling: leveraging spatial layout for improving label quality in non-expert image annotation
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 6ea40953-f2eb-43cc-b3d7-2938c492f84f · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Technical understanding from interactive machine learning experience: a study through a public event for science museum visitors
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation a9097057-fedb-4e68-80df-1f2689427bde · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Ensemblematrix: interactive visualization to support machine learning with multiple classifiers
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 23b03865-1f43-4d0a-bc98-9ec4d738e166 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Squares: Supporting interactive performance analysis for multiclass classifiers
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 505bf127-e2ea-40f6-9210-7b30e30ffe0c · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Manifold: A model-agnostic framework for interpretation and diagnosis of machine learning models
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation a4e5ff21-eace-427b-a40f-1e513dff4378 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Principles of mixed-initiative user interfaces
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0b76b541-ab39-430f-8309-b5b2403789cc · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users The human side of human-chatbot interaction: A systematic literature review of ten years of research on text-based chatbots
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 438aff57-72c6-448c-bca3-d2a56837dc53 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Artificial intelligence assisted improved human-computer interactions for computer systems
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 8f4844e9-8160-47fd-992a-25d818d3a046 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users The programmer’s assistant: Conversational interaction with a large language model for software development
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 126c89e0-a7b7-4ff3-a29b-035b1a5ebb5f · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Lessons from building stackspot ai: A contextualized ai coding assistant
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 1b33b7fe-a461-43cf-9097-bb55c4f9142f · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Codeaid: Evaluating a classroom deployment of an llm-based programming assistant that balances student and educator needs
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a8a422aa-befc-4ff3-9378-6a49ab617345 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users How do students use chatgpt as a writing support? Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 2024
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7e106a0b-d7b0-46f8-95b0-ac2ae1cccb27 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Can artificial intelligence help for scientific writing? Critical care, 27(1):75, 2023
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 647612a5-e104-46e7-b231-503e9c3a4c82 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Ai assisted fashion design: A review
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation ad466d02-1efe-4bd9-8ffa-de54791b05d2 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Ai-assisted design concept exploration through character space construction
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 1d393558-c1f5-4b27-ae17-386c658ee4c0 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Sigma: An open-source interactive system for mixed-reality task assistance research–extended abstract
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 44da61f0-04ad-4242-bdba-2507590812ca · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Autonomous Workflow for Multimodal Fine-Grained Training Assistants Towards Mixed Reality
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9aca8e1f-a0e0-4e6c-9da6-cbc3559e606e · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Artificial intelligence in education: A review
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 6a4a6ad0-a062-414b-833e-1cab0b28986c · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users AI-TA: Towards an Intelligent Question-Answer Teaching Assistant using Open-Source LLMs
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ee6649b7-2489-451e-a3b5-a7d49e839f36 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Application of artificial intelligence in wearable devices: Opportunities and challenges
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation b094fa6a-1a57-4d1c-9f51-3ae90cb73865 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Advancing health coaching: A comparative study of large language model and health coaches
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 7fd59bbf-c97f-4766-91c6-2fcf6d9c604e · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users GPTCoach: Towards LLM-Based Physical Activity Coaching
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9176437c-90e6-484d-bdc1-304dc8591757 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Designing a large language model-based coaching intervention for lifestyle behavior change
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation b911cdee-9c6e-4315-8381-836d9152cf18 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users NExT-GPT: Any-to-Any Multimodal LLM
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d54b971a-86f6-447b-9252-ccf5e3cc206f · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users A Survey of Resource-efficient LLM and Multimodal Foundation Models
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 77dbf145-9040-4293-9d69-3a15a67ea4e6 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Large Multimodal Agents: A Survey
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a26308e7-8d31-4da8-92d4-9c193e5d2e40 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fe4077a1-aa2b-4e5d-91de-e5f8442cef47 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 95994936-3e8f-461b-8b76-3eccfd1c9fa3 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Evaluating LLM -- Generated Multimodal Diagnosis from Medical Images and Symptom Analysis
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation acac960f-cfcd-448b-b30d-7345d252ce66 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Multimodal emotion recognition using feature fusion: An llm-based approach
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation c3e1c07f-64af-4067-8932-d401a14bc506 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Democratizing Large Language Models via Personalized Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d4fa2bb0-8c9f-4d3d-97a4-85a96de8eb14 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Data-efficient fine-tuning for llm-based recommendation
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation a2137e9d-d7d6-4f60-b64c-84e5f9e76951 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Federatedscope-llm: A comprehensive package for fine-tuning large language models in federated learning
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 8967724a-c1d3-46e8-8338-533790b6e2dd · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Automating the development of task-oriented llm-based chatbots
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 3b03a222-1e46-40dc-a8e5-d924fe93de1f · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Evaluating Very Long-Term Conversational Memory of LLM Agents
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6c9134f8-6f99-4951-8742-25962a5ecf67 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Knowledge- augmented large language models for personalized contextual query suggestion
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 2678b43d-e689-4e39-9924-c94989be0916 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 189ee20b-75e5-491b-b876-3bfe759030b5 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dccc8a25-ae9b-442f-808f-8b0a4f0594af · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Support-vector networks
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 63286de6-9427-4a1a-a498-3d11cef5ae79 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Dcnn-based vegetable image classification using transfer learning: A comparative study
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 9a30baa8-95a9-4310-8f43-c25a00f41fb2 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users One-shot learning of object categories
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 376ffdda-09b1-457f-843e-ba99b0d64829 · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Neural style transfer: A review
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 315f7ffd-3075-4009-bade-cec8e227557e · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users A survey on image data augmentation for deep learning
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 75915caa-a7b5-463e-a479-2ae7bdaa9bbe · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Zero-shot text-to-image generation
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation ead8cfae-44d6-4fa2-ab3d-e92c84643a1a · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Image-to-image translation with conditional adversarial networks
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cd2d0fd7-403e-43ca-8d38-dd4d9a0c3fce · outbound
DuetML: Human-LLM Collaborative Machine Learning Framework for Non-Expert Users Ask the assistant
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.