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A Practical Examination of AI-Generated Text Detectors for Large Language Models

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arxiv 2412.05139 v4 pith:5W3VPLTA submitted 2024-12-06 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords detectorslanguagemodelspositiveratetextai-generatedlarge
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The proliferation of large language models has raised growing concerns about their misuse, particularly in cases where AI-generated text is falsely attributed to human authors. Machine-generated content detectors claim to effectively identify such text under various conditions and from any language model. This paper critically evaluates these claims by assessing several popular detectors (RADAR, Wild, T5Sentinel, Fast-DetectGPT, PHD, LogRank, Binoculars) on a range of domains, datasets, and models that these detectors have not previously encountered. We employ various prompting strategies to simulate practical adversarial attacks, demonstrating that even moderate efforts can significantly evade detection. We emphasize the importance of the true positive rate at a specific false positive rate (TPR@FPR) metric and demonstrate that these detectors perform poorly in certain settings, with TPR@.01 as low as 0%. Our findings suggest that both trained and zero-shot detectors struggle to maintain high sensitivity while achieving a reasonable true positive rate.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. PhantomHunter: Detecting Unseen Privately-Tuned LLM-Generated Text via Family-Aware Learning

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    PhantomHunter detects text from privately fine-tuned LLMs by learning shared token-probability traits within LLaMA, Gemma and Mistral families, reporting F1 above 96% on held-out derivatives.

  2. When Detection Fails: The Power of Fine-Tuned Models to Generate Human-Like Social Media Text

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Fine-tuned LLMs generate social media text that evades state-of-the-art detectors and human readers, dropping detection accuracy from up to 99.9% to near chance.

  3. A Mathematical Theory of Discursive Networks

    cs.CL 2025-07 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    A two-state Markov model of error propagation suggests that small amounts of cross-agent peer review can flip a network of fallible language models from a falsehood-dominant to a truth-dominant state.

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