Pith. sign in

REVIEW 2 major objections 6 minor 1 cited by

Effective theories for nuclei at high energies

T0 review · 2 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-07 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read This review argues that the Color Glass Condensate, an effective theory of QCD built on saturated gluon fields, can connect electron-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions through one universal weight functional for the…

desk verdict A competent and honest review of CGC and its applications, with the expected caveat that the DIS-to-heavy-ion link is partly asserted rather than demonstrated. read the letter →

arxiv 2502.09721 v1 pith:6Y5ATAN6 submitted 2025-02-13 hep-ph nucl-exnucl-th

Oscar Garcia-Montero , Sören Schlichting This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-phnucl-exnucl-th
keywords ColorGlassCondensategluonsaturationdeepinelasticscatteringheavy-ioncollisionsJIMWLKevolutionGlasmanuclearstructureforwardphysics
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The review sets out to establish that the Color Glass Condensate (CGC), an effective field theory of QCD for scattering at small momentum fraction x, is the right weak-coupling description of nuclei at very high energies, where gluon densities saturate. Its central claim is that a single universal weight functional Wx[V], fixed by fits to deep-inelastic scattering data at an initial scale, can be evolved by the JIMWLK/BK equations and then carried without re-fitting into proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions, where saturation-based models such as IP-Glasma determine the initial conditions of the quark-gluon plasma. If true, this would unify a wide range of experiments—inclusive and exclusive DIS, forward particle production in p+A, and heavy-ion collisions—under one calculable framework, turning the initial state of the plasma into a QCD-structure prediction rather than a set of adjustable parameters.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the weight functional Wx[V], the probability weight over configurations of light-like Wilson lines V(x_T) that encodes the correlated small-x gluon content of a hadron or nucleus; averaging any observable over Wx gives the expectation value ⟨O⟩x. The companion mechanism is JIMWLK (and its mean-field version BK) evolution, a renormalization-group equation that transports Wx to smaller x and thereby generates the saturation scale's growth. The dipole cross-section D(x, b, r), the Fourier cousin of which enters the dilute-dense cross-section for forward particle production, is the quantity that connects the same Wx to DIS, p+A, and A+A observables. In the dense-dense limit the machinery is the solution of classical Yang-Mills equations with eikonal currents, whose closed-form initial conditions Aηs = (ig/2)[A_A^i, A_B^i] at τ=0+ define the Glasma and its energy-momentum tensor, the seed of hydrodynamic modeling.

What would settle it

A precise extraction of the dipole scattering amplitude from electron-proton and electron-nucleus deep-inelastic scattering, transported without re-fitting into predictions for forward dihadron correlations and nuclear modification in proton-nucleus collisions at colliders, would falsify the central claim if the predicted suppression and angular decorrelation disagreed with measured data beyond theoretical uncertainty.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper's central assertion is that high-energy scattering in QCD can be described, at weak coupling, by light-like Wilson lines V(x_T) encoding the eikonal propagation of color charges through the target's small-x gluon field, with the statistical distribution of these Wilson lines governed by a weight functional Wx[V] that evolves toward smaller x through the JIMWLK/BK equations. The framework predicts gluon saturation and a dynamical saturation scale Q_s(x) that separates a saturated low-transverse-momentum regime from a dilute high-momentum regime, with $Q_s^{2}$ ~ $x^{{-λ}}$ and $Q_s^{2}$_A ~ $A^{{1/3}}$ $Q_s^{2}$_p for nuclei. In deep-inelastic scattering, the dipole picture expresses the cross section as a convolution of the photon wave function with a dipole amplitude built from Wx; in forward proton-nucleus collisions, the dilute-dense hybrid formalism uses the same dipole amplitude for multiple scattering of a single projectile parton; and in nucleus-nucleus collisions, the dense-dense formalism solves classical Yang-Mills equations with eikonal color currents to produce the Glasma, whose energy-momentum tensor diag(e0, e0, e0, -e0) at τ=0+ serves as the initial condition for hydrodynamic evolution. The review claims that by asserting the universality of Wx, the same framework and model parameters constrained by DIS data can provide a unified description of all these processes, with the IP-Glasma model as the concrete realization linking QCD structure to the initial state of heavy-ion collisions.

Load-bearing premise

The entire predictive chain rests on assuming that a single functional form for the target's gluon distribution, fitted to electron-proton scattering data at an initial momentum scale, remains valid unchanged for proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions after QCD evolution.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Inclusive and exclusive deep-inelastic scattering data fix the dipole amplitude that then predicts, without further fitting, the magnitude and energy dependence of particle production and dijet correlations in forward proton-nucleus collisions.
  • The suppression of back-to-back dihadron and dijet correlations at transverse momenta near the saturation scale, observed in forward p+A collisions, is explained as a consequence of multiple scattering off the saturated gluon content of the target.
  • The initial energy density, eccentricity, and longitudinal structure of the quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions are determined by QCD structure rather than free parameters, making comparisons with data a stringent test of the subsequent hydrodynamic evolution.
  • Small-x evolution predicts a growth of the gluonic transverse size of hadrons and nuclei (Gribov diffusion), which is testable in the energy dependence of coherent and incoherent vector meson production in ultra-peripheral collisions.
  • Three-dimensional extensions of the initial-state models connect the momentum fraction x of incoming partons to space-time rapidity, giving predictions for baryon stopping and charge deposition in heavy-ion collisions.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If Wx is truly universal, the same weight functional should be extractable from electron-proton and electron-nucleus scattering at a future electron-ion collider and then used, without re-fitting, to predict collective-flow observables in small collision systems such as p+Pb and O+O; a mismatch would point to missing sub-eikonal or factorization-breaking physics.
  • A precise comparison of the dipole amplitude extracted from inclusive DIS with the one needed to describe forward photon-hadron correlations could isolate the transverse-momentum structure of saturation more sharply than single-inclusive spectra alone.
  • The universality hypothesis could be tested by transporting a Wx fitted only to electron-proton data into predictions for collisions of deformed nuclei, where the geometric information carried by the weight functional directly affects elliptic flow; data on collisions of isobaric or deformed species would be a natural arena.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

2 major / 6 minor

Summary. This review article provides a pedagogical survey of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective field theory and its phenomenological applications to deep inelastic scattering, forward particle production in p+A collisions, and the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions. It introduces the Wilson-line formalism, the weight functional Wx[V], JIMWLK/BK evolution, the IP-Sat/IP-Glasma models, the dipole picture of DIS, the dilute-dense hybrid formalism, and the dense-dense classical Yang-Mills description of the glasma. It closes with open questions, including the absence of a definitive saturation signal, the incomplete NLO treatment in dense-dense systems, and the unresolved 3+1D formulation of the initial state.

Significance. If the CGC framework is valid, this review covers a potentially unifying description of small-x QCD across e+p, p+A, and A+A collisions. The manuscript is current, well-referenced, and honest about open problems; it explicitly acknowledges that no smoking-gun saturation signal exists, that a consistent NLO description of dense-dense collisions is lacking, and that 3+1D issues are unresolved. Its main weakness is an overstatement in Sec. 4.2: the claim that heavy-ion initial conditions are 'reasonably well constrained' by DIS is directly qualified by the same paragraph's admission that normalization is commonly re-adjusted to fit particle spectra. Since the review's central theme is that DIS data determine heavy-ion initial conditions, this tension needs to be resolved before publication.

major comments (2)
  1. [Sec. 4.2, paragraph beginning 'Since the CGC models are independently constrained...'] The sentence claiming that CGC models are 'independently constrained from DIS experiments' and that the initial state of heavy-ion collisions is 'reasonably well constrained' is contradicted two sentences later by the admission that 'it is common practice in heavy-ion phenomenology to re-adjust e.g. the normalization of the initial state energy, in order to reproduce measured particle spectra.' This is load-bearing because the review's central thesis is that DIS data determine the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions. Please qualify the claim: the shape and energy dependence of the initial state are constrained by DIS under the assumption of a universal weight functional, but the absolute normalization is not presently carried through without re-fitting. Alternatively, provide explicit examples where the DIS-determined normalization is used without any such adjustment.
  2. [Sec. 2, after Eq. (7), and Sec. 4.2] The review correctly states that Wx[V] is 'not known a priori' and that universality is 'asserted.' Given that, the later phrase 'independently constrained from DIS experiments' overstates the logical status: the DIS fits determine Wx only if the same functional applies to nuclei and to hadronic collisions. Please add a sentence in Sec. 2 or Sec. 4.2 that explicitly identifies this universality as a working hypothesis and indicates what observable would test it, for example by comparing the dipole amplitude extracted from inclusive DIS with that extracted from forward dijet correlations in p+A.
minor comments (6)
  1. [Sec. 1.1] The phrase 'from from fits' contains a duplicated word and should read 'extracted from fits.'
  2. [Sec. 3] 'processess' should be 'processes' in 'more exclusive processess.'
  3. [Sec. 4.1.2] The sentence beginning 'it has recently been shown in Ref. [47], that nuclear structure modeling in the gluon distributions leadseems to a dependenchave an effect...' is garbled and should be rewritten; as written it is not possible to determine the precise claim about the deviation from the naive A^{1/3} scaling.
  4. [Sec. 4.2] 'experimetnal' and 'ongoign' should be 'experimental' and 'ongoing,' respectively.
  5. [Fig. 3 caption] 'at rapidities x0 ≈ 2×10−3' is confusing because x0 is a momentum fraction, not a rapidity; please clarify the notation, for example by writing 'initial scale x0 ≈ 2×10−3' and specifying the rapidity convention separately.
  6. [Eq. (11)] The integration measure d^2q should be d^2q_T for consistency with the notation ilde S(x,q_T,b).

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity; the review is an exposition that explicitly flags its assumptions and limitations.

full rationale

This is a review article, not a derivation, and its central claims do not reduce to their inputs by construction. The weight functional Wx[V] is explicitly stated to be 'not known a priori' and its universality is 'asserted' rather than derived; the review is transparent that the initial-scale model is constrained by fits to DIS data and then evolved (Sec. 2 after Eq. (7)). The potentially problematic sentence in Sec. 4.2 — 'Since the CGC models are independently constrained from DIS experiments, the initial state of heavy-ion collisions is actually reasonably well constrained' — is immediately qualified by the admission that 'it is common practice in heavy-ion phenomenology to re-adjust e.g. the normalization of the initial state energy, in order to reproduce measured particle spectra.' This is an explicit caveat, not a hidden re-fit masquerading as a prediction. No equation in the paper is defined in terms of the quantity it is said to predict, and no fitted parameter is relabeled as a prediction. The authors cite their own work (e.g., Refs. [31,47,209,219,220]) to describe the McDipper model and related phenomenology, but these citations are descriptive of previously published, peer-reviewed models and are not used to justify the foundational equations (e.g., JIMWLK/BK evolution or the classical Yang-Mills initial conditions), which are credited to the broader literature. The central limitation — that universality of Wx is an assumption — is a scientific uncertainty, not a circularity. No significant circularity is found.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The review inherits the CGC framework's assumptions and free parameters; it introduces no new entities of its own. The listed parameters and axioms are the load-bearing modeling choices of the framework as presented.

free parameters (3)
  • Initial scale x0 for CGC weight functional W_x = x0 ~ 0.1
    Chosen as the starting scale from which JIMWLK/BK evolution downward in x is run; the review states models are defined at x0 ~ 0.1 (Sec. 2). This is a modeling choice, not derived from first principles.
  • IP-Sat/IP-Glasma parameters (hot spot count Nq, hot spot size rH, nucleon radius Rp, IR regulator m, initial color… = not specified in review; determined by fits to HERA DIS and diffractive data in cited works
    Sec. 2 and Fig. 2: these parameters set the initial condition for the weight functional and therefore shape the saturation scale and geometry used in pA and AA predictions.
  • Saturation scale exponent lambda = lambda ~ 0.2-0.3 with Qs^2 ~ x^{-lambda}
    Sec. 1.2: quoted from Ref. [23] as a phenomenological fit; the framework uses this to set the energy dependence of the saturation scale.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption Eikonal/shockwave approximation in high-energy scattering
    Sec. 2, Eqs. (2)-(5): the target color field is treated as localized at x+ ~ 0 and quasi-static, and longitudinal momentum transfer is neglected; this underpins the Wilson line formalism.
  • domain assumption Universality of the CGC weight functional W_x[V]
    Sec. 2 after Eq. (7): a model for W_x fitted to DIS data is assumed to apply to pA and AA collisions after JIMWLK evolution.
  • domain assumption Classical Yang-Mills equations describe the leading-order glasma dynamics
    Sec. 4.2, Eq. (16): the initial state is obtained by solving classical Yang-Mills equations with eikonal currents; NLO corrections are acknowledged as incomplete.
  • standard math Factorization theorems (collinear PDFs in the dilute projectile, dipole/TMD factorization for the dense target)
    Secs. 3 and 4.1: cross-sections are written as convolutions of universal parton distributions with CGC cross-sections; these factorizations are standard results assumed valid in the relevant kinematics.
  • domain assumption Saturation is semi-perturbative, with alpha_s(Q_s) << 1
    Sec. 1.2: the claim that CGC provides a weak-coupling description for the dense gluon system relies on the saturation scale being large enough to justify weak coupling.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Effective theories for nuclei at high energies." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/6Y5ATAN6

@misc{pith2026250209721,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Effective theories for nuclei at high energies},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/6Y5ATAN6}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2502.09721}
}
read the original abstract

We discuss the application of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC), an effective field theory of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), to describe high-energy nuclear interactions. We first provide an introduction to the methods and language of the CGC, its role in understanding gluon saturation in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and RHIC, and its relevance in various scattering processes such as Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS). The application of the CGC effective field theory to describe hadron-hadron collisions is discussed in the scope of asymmetric \textit{dilute-dense} collisions, and Heavy-Ion Collisions in the \textit{dense-dense} limit. The review covers theoretical foundations, recent advancements, and phenomenological applications, focusing on using the CGC to determine the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions.

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Saturation effects in exclusive vector meson production in DIS

    hep-ph 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A dense-limit CGC hotspot calculation shows saturation mildly suppresses exclusive vector meson cross sections in ep, with suppression growing at higher color-charge density.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

221 extracted references · 18 canonical work pages · cited by 1 Pith paper

  1. [1]

    Gelis, F., Iancu, E., Jalilian-Marian, J., Venugopalan, R.: The Color Glass Con- densate. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 60, 463–489 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1146/ annurev.nucl.010909.083629 arXiv:1002.0333 [hep-ph]

    arXiv 2010

  2. [2]

    McLerran, L.D., Venugopalan, R.: Computing quark and gluon distribution functions for very large nuclei. Phys. Rev. D 49, 2233–2241 (1994) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.49.2233 arXiv:hep-ph/9309289

    arXiv 1994

  3. [3]

    McLerran, L.D., Venugopalan, R.: Gluon distribution functions for very large nuclei at small transverse momentum. Phys. Rev. D 49, 3352–3355 (1994) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.49.3352 arXiv:hep-ph/9311205

    arXiv 1994

  4. [4]

    McLerran, L.D., Venugopalan, R.: Fock space distributions, structure functions, higher twists and small x. Phys. Rev. D 59, 094002 (1999) https://doi.org/10. 1103/PhysRevD.59.094002 arXiv:hep-ph/9809427

    arXiv 1999

  5. [5]

    Ethier, J.J., Nocera, E.R.: Parton Distributions in Nucleons and Nuclei. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 70, 43–76 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1146/ annurev-nucl-011720-042725 arXiv:2001.07722 [hep-ph]

    arXiv 2020

  6. [6]

    Diehl, M.: Introduction to GPDs and TMDs. Eur. Phys. J. A 52(6), 149 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2016-16149-3 arXiv:1512.01328 [hep-ph]

    arXiv 2016

  7. [7]

    Ji, X.: Generalized parton distributions. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 54, 413–450 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.54.070103.181302

    arXiv 2004

  8. [8]

    Boussarie, R., et al.: TMD Handbook (2023) arXiv:2304.03302 [hep-ph]

    arXiv 2023

Show all 221 references
  1. [9]

    Diehl, M.: Generalized parton distributions. Phys. Rept. 388, 41–277 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2003.08.002 arXiv:hep-ph/0307382

    2003 arXiv

  2. [10]

    Belitsky, A.V., Ji, X.-d., Yuan, F.: Quark imaging in the proton via quantum phase space distributions. Phys. Rev. D 69, 074014 (2004) https://doi.org/10. 1103/PhysRevD.69.074014 arXiv:hep-ph/0307383 21

    2004 arXiv

  3. [11]

    Klasen, M., Paukkunen, H.: Nuclear PDFs After the First Decade of LHC Data (2023) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102122-022747 arXiv:2311.00450 [hep-ph]

    2023 arXiv

  4. [12]

    Cichy, K., Constantinou, M.: A guide to light-cone PDFs from Lattice QCD: an overview of approaches, techniques and results. Adv. High Energy Phys. 2019, 3036904 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3036904 arXiv:1811.07248 [hep-lat]

    2019 arXiv

  5. [13]

    Kuraev, E.A., Lipatov, L.N., Fadin, V.S.: Multi - Reggeon Processes in the Yang-Mills Theory. Sov. Phys. JETP 44, 443–450 (1976)

    1976

  6. [14]

    Kuraev, E.A., Lipatov, L.N., Fadin, V.S.: The Pomeranchuk Singularity in Nonabelian Gauge Theories. Sov. Phys. JETP 45, 199–204 (1977)

    1977

  7. [15]

    Balitsky, I.I., Lipatov, L.N.: The Pomeranchuk Singularity in Quantum Chro- modynamics. Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 28, 822–829 (1978)

    1978

  8. [16]

    Balitsky, I.: Operator expansion for high-energy scattering. Nucl. Phys. B 463, 99–160 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(95)00638-9 arXiv:hep- ph/9509348

    1996

  9. [17]

    Kovchegov, Y.V.: Small x F(2) structure function of a nucleus including multiple pomeron exchanges. Phys. Rev. D 60, 034008 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.60.034008 arXiv:hep-ph/9901281

    1999 arXiv

  10. [18]

    Iancu, E., Leonidov, A., McLerran, L.D.: The Renormalization group equation for the color glass condensate. Phys. Lett. B 510, 133–144 (2001) https://doi. org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00524-X arXiv:hep-ph/0102009

    2001 arXiv

  11. [19]

    Iancu, E., Leonidov, A., McLerran, L.D.: Nonlinear gluon evolution in the color glass condensate. 1. Nucl. Phys. A692, 583–645 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0375-9474(01)00642-X arXiv:hep-ph/0011241

    2001 arXiv

  12. [20]

    Iancu, E., McLerran, L.D.: Saturation and universality in QCD at small x. Phys. Lett. B 510, 145–154 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00526-3 arXiv:hep-ph/0103032

    2001 arXiv

  13. [21]

    Mueller, A.H.: A Simple derivation of the JIMWLK equation. Phys. Lett. B 523, 243–248 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01343-0 arXiv:hep-ph/0110169

    2001 arXiv

  14. [22]

    Rummukainen, K., Weigert, H.: Universal features of JIMWLK and BK evolu- tion at small x. Nucl. Phys. A 739, 183–226 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j. nuclphysa.2004.03.219 arXiv:hep-ph/0309306

    2004 arXiv

  15. [23]

    Golec-Biernat, K.J., Wusthoff, M.: Saturation effects in deep inelastic scattering 22 at low Q**2 and its implications on diffraction. Phys. Rev. D 59, 014017 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.014017 arXiv:hep-ph/9807513

    1998 arXiv

  16. [24]

    Bjorken, J.D.: Asymptotic Sum Rules at Infinite Momentum. Phys. Rev. 179, 1547–1553 (1969) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.179.1547

    1969 doi

  17. [25]

    McLerran, L.D.: The Color glass condensate and small x physics: Four lectures. Lect. Notes Phys. 583, 291–334 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45792-5 8 arXiv:hep-ph/0104285

    2002 arXiv

  18. [26]

    Dumitru, A., Skokov, V., Ullrich, T.: Measuring the Weizs¨ acker-Williams dis- tribution of linearly polarized gluons at an electron-ion collider through dijet azimuthal asymmetries. Phys. Rev. C 99(1), 015204 (2019) https://doi.org/10. 1103/PhysRevC.99.015204 arXiv:1809.02615...

    2019 arXiv

  19. [27]

    Petreska, E.: TMD gluon distributions at small x in the CGC theory. Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 27(05), 1830003 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218301318300035 arXiv:1804.04981 [hep-ph]

    2018 arXiv

  20. [28]

    Mulders, P.J., Rodrigues, J.: Transverse momentum dependence in gluon dis- tribution and fragmentation functions. Phys. Rev. D 63, 094021 (2001) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.63.094021 arXiv:hep-ph/0009343

    2001 arXiv

  21. [29]

    JHEP 10, 065 (2016) https://doi.org/ 10.1007/JHEP10(2016)065 arXiv:1608.02577 [hep-ph]

    Marquet, C., Petreska, E., Roiesnel, C.: Transverse-momentum-dependent gluon distributions from JIMWLK evolution. JHEP 10, 065 (2016) https://doi.org/ 10.1007/JHEP10(2016)065 arXiv:1608.02577 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  22. [30]

    JHEP 09, 106 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP09(2015)106 arXiv:1503.03421 [hep-ph]

    Kotko, P., Kutak, K., Marquet, C., Petreska, E., Sapeta, S., Hameren, A.: Improved TMD factorization for forward dijet production in dilute- dense hadronic collisions. JHEP 09, 106 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP09(2015)106 arXiv:1503.03421 [hep-ph]

    2015 arXiv

  23. [31]

    Garcia-Montero, O., Elfner, H., Schlichting, S.: The McDIPPER: A novel saturation-based 3+1D initial state model for Heavy Ion Collisions (2023) arXiv:2308.11713 [hep-ph]

    2023 arXiv

  24. [32]

    Jalilian-Marian, J., Kovner, A., McLerran, L.D., Weigert, H.: The Intrinsic glue distribution at very small x. Phys. Rev. D 55, 5414–5428 (1997) https://doi. org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5414 arXiv:hep-ph/9606337

    1997 arXiv

  25. [33]

    Jalilian-Marian, J., Kovner, A., Leonidov, A., Weigert, H.: The BFKL equation from the Wilson renormalization group. Nucl. Phys. B 504, 415–431 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0550-3213(97)00440-9 arXiv:hep-ph/9701284

    1997 arXiv

  26. [34]

    Jalilian-Marian, J., Kovner, A., Leonidov, A., Weigert, H.: The Wilson renor- malization group for low x physics: Towards the high density regime. Phys. Rev. 23 D 59, 014014 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.014014 arXiv:hep- ph/9706377

    1998

  27. [35]

    Schenke, B., Tribedy, P., Venugopalan, R.: Fluctuating Glasma initial conditions and flow in heavy ion collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 252301 (2012) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.252301 arXiv:1202.6646 [nucl-th]

    2012 arXiv

  28. [36]

    Schenke, B., Tribedy, P., Venugopalan, R.: Event-by-event gluon multiplic- ity, energy density, and eccentricities in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 86, 034908 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.86.034908 arXiv:1206.6805 [hep-ph]

    2012 arXiv

  29. [37]

    Schenke, B., Schlichting, S.: 3D glasma initial state for relativistic heavy ion col- lisions. Phys. Rev. C 94(4), 044907 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC. 94.044907 arXiv:1605.07158 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  30. [38]

    Schenke, B., Shen, C., Tribedy, P.: Features of the IP-Glasma. Nucl. Phys. A 982, 435–438 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2018.08.015 arXiv:1807.05205 [nucl-th]

    2019 arXiv

  31. [39]

    Dominguez, F., Marquet, C., Xiao, B.-W., Yuan, F.: Universality of Unintegrated Gluon Distributions at small x. Phys. Rev. D 83, 105005 (2011) https://doi. org/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.105005 arXiv:1101.0715 [hep-ph]

    2011 arXiv

  32. [40]

    M¨ antysaari, H., Schenke, B.: Evidence of strong proton shape fluctuations from incoherent diffraction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117(5), 052301 (2016) https://doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.052301 arXiv:1603.04349 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  33. [41]

    Kowalski, H., Motyka, L., Watt, G.: Exclusive diffractive processes at HERA within the dipole picture. Phys. Rev. D 74, 074016 (2006) https://doi.org/10. 1103/PhysRevD.74.074016 arXiv:hep-ph/0606272

    2006 arXiv

  34. [42]

    Rezaeian, A.H., Siddikov, M., Klundert, M., Venugopalan, R.: Analysis of com- bined HERA data in the Impact-Parameter dependent Saturation model. Phys. Rev. D 87(3), 034002 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.87.034002 arXiv:1212.2974 [hep-ph]

    2013 arXiv

  35. [43]

    Demirci, S., Lappi, T., Schlichting, S.: Hot spots and gluon field fluctuations as causes of eccentricity in small systems. Phys. Rev. D 103(9), 094025 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.094025 arXiv:2101.03791 [hep-ph]

    2021 arXiv

  36. [44]

    Demirci, S., Lappi, T., Schlichting, S.: Proton hot spots and exclusive vector meson production. Phys. Rev. D106(7), 074025 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.106.074025 arXiv:2206.05207 [hep-ph]

    2022 arXiv

  37. [45]

    M¨ antysaari, H., Schenke, B.: Confronting impact parameter dependent JIMWLK evolution with HERA data. Phys. Rev. D 98(3), 034013 (2018) 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.034013 arXiv:1806.06783 [hep-ph]

    2018 arXiv

  38. [46]

    Lappi, T., Schlichting, S.: Linearly polarized gluons and axial charge fluctuations in the Glasma. Phys. Rev. D 97(3), 034034 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.97.034034 arXiv:1708.08625 [hep-ph]

    2018 arXiv

  39. [47]

    JHEP 01, 159 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2024)159 arXiv:2311.01965 [hep-ph]

    Deganutti, F., Royon, C., Schlichting, S.: Forward dijet production at the LHC within an impact parameter dependent TMD approach. JHEP 01, 159 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2024)159 arXiv:2311.01965 [hep-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  40. [48]

    Triantafyllopoulos, D.N.: The Energy dependence of the saturation momentum from RG improved BFKL evolution. Nucl. Phys. B 648, 293–316 (2003) https: //doi.org/10.1016/S0550-3213(02)01000-3 arXiv:hep-ph/0209121

    2003 arXiv

  41. [49]

    Kovner, A., Wiedemann, U.A.: Gluon radiation and parton energy loss, 192–248 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812795533 0004 arXiv:hep-ph/0304151

    2003 arXiv

  42. [50]

    M¨ antysaari, H., Schenke, B., Shen, C., Zhao, W.: Bayesian inference of the fluctu- ating proton shape. Phys. Lett. B 833, 137348 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.physletb.2022.137348 arXiv:2202.01998 [hep-ph]

    2022

  43. [51]

    Schenke, B., Schlichting, S., Venugopalan, R.: Azimuthal anisotropies in p+Pb collisions from classical Yang–Mills dynamics. Phys. Lett. B 747, 76–82 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.05.051 arXiv:1502.01331 [hep-ph]

    2015 arXiv

  44. [52]

    Gribov, L.V., Levin, E.M., Ryskin, M.G.: Semihard Processes in QCD. Phys. Rept. 100, 1–150 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(83)90022-4

    1983 doi

  45. [53]

    Kovchegov, Y.V., Levin, E.: Quantum Chromodynamics at High Energy vol. 33. Oxford University Press, ??? (2013). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009291446

    2013 doi

  46. [54]

    JHEP 01, 109 (2010) https://doi

    Aaron, F.D., et al.: Combined Measurement and QCD Analysis of the Inclusive e+- p Scattering Cross Sections at HERA. JHEP 01, 109 (2010) https://doi. org/10.1007/JHEP01(2010)109 arXiv:0911.0884 [hep-ex]

    2010 arXiv

  47. [55]

    Golec-Biernat, K.J., Wusthoff, M.: Saturation in diffractive deep inelastic scat- tering. Phys. Rev. D 60, 114023 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.60. 114023 arXiv:hep-ph/9903358

    1999 arXiv

  48. [56]

    Kowalski, H., Teaney, D.: An Impact parameter dipole saturation model. Phys. Rev. D 68, 114005 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.114005 arXiv:hep-ph/0304189

    2003 arXiv

  49. [57]

    Salazar, F., Schenke, B.: Diffractive dijet production in impact parameter depen- dent saturation models. Phys. Rev. D 100(3), 034007 (2019) https://doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.034007 arXiv:1905.03763 [hep-ph]

    2019 arXiv

  50. [58]

    Adloff, C., et al.: Elastic electroproduction of rho mesons at HERA. Eur. Phys. 25 J. C 13, 371–396 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1007/s100520050703 arXiv:hep- ex/9902019

    2000

  51. [59]

    Chekanov, S., et al.: Exclusive electroproduction of phi mesons at HERA. Nucl. Phys. B718, 3–31 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.04.009 arXiv:hep-ex/0504010

    2005 arXiv

  52. [60]

    Chekanov, S., et al.: Exclusive electroproduction of J/psi mesons at HERA. Nucl. Phys. B695, 3–37 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.06.034 arXiv:hep-ex/0404008

    2004 arXiv

  53. [61]

    Aktas, A., et al.: Elastic J/psi production at HERA. Eur. Phys. J. C46, 585–603 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2006-02519-5 arXiv:hep-ex/0510016

    2006 arXiv

  54. [62]

    Good, M.L., Walker, W.D.: Diffraction disssociation of beam particles. Phys. Rev. 120, 1857–1860 (1960) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.120.1857

    1960 doi

  55. [63]

    M¨ antysaari, H., Schenke, B.: Probing subnucleon scale fluctuations in ultrape- ripheral heavy ion collisions. Phys. Lett. B 772, 832–838 (2017) https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.physletb.2017.07.063 arXiv:1703.09256 [hep-ph]

    2017 arXiv

  56. [64]

    Gao, H., Vanderhaeghen, M.: The proton charge radius. Rev. Mod. Phys. 94(1), 015002 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.94.015002 arXiv:2105.00571 [hep-ph]

    2022 arXiv

  57. [65]

    M¨ antysaari, H., Schenke, B.: Revealing proton shape fluctuations with inco- herent diffraction at high energy. Phys. Rev. D 94(3), 034042 (2016) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.034042 arXiv:1607.01711 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  58. [66]

    Schlichting, S., Schenke, B.: The shape of the proton at high energies. Phys. Lett. B 739, 313–319 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2014.10.068 arXiv:1407.8458 [hep-ph]

    2014 arXiv

  59. [67]

    M¨ antysaari, H., Schenke, B., Shen, C., Zhao, W.: Multiscale Imag- ing of Nuclear Deformation at the Electron-Ion Collider. Phys. Rev. Lett. 131(6), 062301 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.062301 arXiv:2303.04866 [nucl-th]

    2023 arXiv

  60. [68]

    M¨ antysaari, H., Salazar, F., Schenke, B., Shen, C., Zhao, W.: Effects of nuclear structure and quantum interference on diffractive vector meson production in ultraperipheral nuclear collisions. Phys. Rev. C 109(2), 024908 (2024) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.109.024908 a...

    2024 arXiv

  61. [69]

    EPJ Web Conf

    M¨ antysaari, H., Salazar, F., Schenke, B., Shen, C., Zhao, W.: Probing nuclear structure at the Electron-Ion Collider and in ultra-peripheral nuclear col- lisions. EPJ Web Conf. 296, 10001 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/ 202429610001 arXiv:2312.07467 [nucl-th] 26

    2024 arXiv

  62. [70]

    Baltz, A.J.: The Physics of Ultraperipheral Collisions at the LHC. Phys. Rept. 458, 1–171 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2007.12.001 arXiv:0706.3356 [nucl-ex]

    2008 arXiv

  63. [71]

    Klein, S.R.: Ultra-peripheral collisions and hadronic structure. Nucl. Phys. A 967, 249–256 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.05.098 arXiv:1704.04715 [nucl-ex]

    2017 arXiv

  64. [72]

    Acharya, S., et al.: Neutron emission in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at√sN N = 5.02 TeV. Phys. Rev. C 107(6), 064902 (2023) https://doi.org/10. 1103/PhysRevC.107.064902 arXiv:2209.04250 [nucl-ex]

    2023 arXiv

  65. [73]

    Klein, S., Steinberg, P.: Photonuclear and Two-photon Interactions at High- Energy Nuclear Colliders. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 70, 323–354 (2020) https: //doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-030320-033923 arXiv:2005.01872 [nucl-ex]

    2020 arXiv

  66. [74]

    Guzey, V., Strikman, M., Zhalov, M.: Disentangling coherent and incoherent quasielastic J/ψ photoproduction on nuclei by neutron tagging in ultraperipheral ion collisions at the LHC. Eur. Phys. J. C 74(7), 2942 (2014) https://doi.org/ 10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2942-z arXiv:1312....

    2014 arXiv

  67. [75]

    Abbas, E., et al.: Charmonium and e+e− pair photoproduction at mid-rapidity in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV. Eur. Phys. J. C 73(11), 2617 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2617-1 arXiv:1305.1467 [nucl-ex]

    2013 arXiv

  68. [76]

    Acharya, S., et al.: First measurement of the — t—-dependence of coherent J/ψ photonuclear production. Phys. Lett. B 817, 136280 (2021) https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.physletb.2021.136280 arXiv:2101.04623 [nucl-ex]

    2021

  69. [77]

    JHEP 10, 119 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2023)119 arXiv:2305.19060 [nucl- ex]

    Acharya, S., et al.: Energy dependence of coherent photonuclear production of J/ψ mesons in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV. JHEP 10, 119 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2023)119 arXiv:2305.19060 [nucl- ex]

    2023 arXiv

  70. [78]

    Sirunyan, A.M., et al.: Measurement of exclusive ρ(770)0 photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV. Eur. Phys. J. C 79(8), 702 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7202-9 arXiv:1902.01339 [hep- ex]

    2019 arXiv

  71. [79]

    Tumasyan, A., et al.: Probing Small Bjorken-x Nuclear Gluonic Structure via Coherent J/ ψ Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 131(26), 262301 (2023) https://doi.org/10. 1103/PhysRevLett.131.262301 arXiv:2303.16984 [nucl-ex]

    2023 arXiv

  72. [80]

    JHEP 06, 146 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/ 27 JHEP06(2023)146 arXiv:2206.08221 [hep-ex]

    Aaij, R., et al.: Study of exclusive photoproduction of charmonium in ultra- peripheral lead-lead collisions. JHEP 06, 146 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/ 27 JHEP06(2023)146 arXiv:2206.08221 [hep-ex]

    2023 arXiv

  73. [81]

    Abdulhamid, M.I., et al.: Observation of Strong Nuclear Suppression in Exclu- sive J/ψ Photoproduction in Au+Au Ultraperipheral Collisions at RHIC. Phys. Rev. Lett. 133(5), 052301 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133. 052301 arXiv:2311.13637 [nucl-ex]

    2024 arXiv

  74. [82]

    Accardi, A., et al.: Electron Ion Collider: The Next QCD Frontier: Under- standing the glue that binds us all. Eur. Phys. J. A 52(9), 268 (2016) https: //doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2016-16268-9 arXiv:1212.1701 [nucl-ex]

    2016 arXiv

  75. [83]

    Beuf, G., H¨ anninen, H., Lappi, T., M¨ antysaari, H.: Color Glass Condensate at next-to-leading order meets HERA data. Phys. Rev. D 102, 074028 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.074028 arXiv:2007.01645 [hep-ph]

    2020 arXiv

  76. [84]

    Beuf, G., Lappi, T., Paatelainen, R.: Massive quarks in NLO dipole factorization for DIS: Longitudinal photon. Phys. Rev. D 104(5), 056032 (2021) https://doi. org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.056032 arXiv:2103.14549 [hep-ph]

    2021 arXiv

  77. [85]

    Balitsky, I., Chirilli, G.A.: Photon impact factor and kT -factorization for DIS in the next-to-leading order. Phys. Rev. D 87(1), 014013 (2013) https://doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevD.87.014013 arXiv:1207.3844 [hep-ph]

    2013 arXiv

  78. [86]

    Beuf, G.: NLO corrections for the dipole factorization of DIS structure functions at low x. Phys. Rev. D 85, 034039 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD. 85.034039 arXiv:1112.4501 [hep-ph]

    2012 arXiv

  79. [87]

    Beuf, G.: Dipole factorization for DIS at NLO: Loop correction to the γ∗ T,L → qq light-front wave functions. Phys. Rev. D 94(5), 054016 (2016) https://doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.054016 arXiv:1606.00777 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  80. [88]

    Beuf, G.: Dipole factorization for DIS at NLO: Combining the q ¯q and q ¯qg contri- butions. Phys. Rev. D 96(7), 074033 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD. 96.074033 arXiv:1708.06557 [hep-ph]

    2017 arXiv

  81. [89]

    Annals Phys

    Lappi, T., Paatelainen, R.: The one loop gluon emission light cone wave func- tion. Annals Phys. 379, 34–66 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2017.02.002 arXiv:1611.00497 [hep-ph]

    2017 arXiv

  82. [90]

    Annals Phys

    H¨ anninen, H., Lappi, T., Paatelainen, R.: One-loop corrections to light cone wave functions: the dipole picture DIS cross section. Annals Phys. 393, 358–412 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2018.04.015 arXiv:1711.08207 [hep-ph]

    2018 arXiv

  83. [91]

    Duclou´ e, B., H¨ anninen, H., Lappi, T., Zhu, Y.: Deep inelastic scattering in the dipole picture at next-to-leading order. Phys. Rev. D96(9), 094017 (2017) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.094017 arXiv:1708.07328 [hep-ph] 28

    2017 arXiv

  84. [92]

    Boussarie, R., Grabovsky, A.V., Ivanov, D.Y., Szymanowski, L., Wal- lon, S.: Next-to-Leading Order Computation of Exclusive Diffractive Light Vector Meson Production in a Saturation Framework. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119(7), 072002 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.07200...

    2017 arXiv

  85. [93]

    JHEP 11, 149 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP11(2016)149 arXiv:1606.00419 [hep-ph]

    Boussarie, R., Grabovsky, A.V., Szymanowski, L., Wallon, S.: On the one loop γ(∗) → qq impact factor and the exclusive diffractive cross sections for the pro- duction of two or three jets. JHEP 11, 149 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP11(2016)149 arXiv:1606.00419 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  86. [94]

    Boussarie, R., Grabovsky, A.V., Szymanowski, L., Wallon, S.: Towards a com- plete next-to-logarithmic description of forward exclusive diffractive dijet elec- troproduction at HERA: real corrections. Phys. Rev. D 100(7), 074020 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.07402...

    2019 arXiv

  87. [95]

    JHEP 08, 062 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2023)062 arXiv:2304.03304 [hep-ph]

    Caucal, P., Salazar, F., Schenke, B., Stebel, T., Venugopalan, R.: Back-to- back inclusive dijets in DIS at small x: gluon Weizs¨ acker-Williams distribu- tion at NLO. JHEP 08, 062 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2023)062 arXiv:2304.03304 [hep-ph]

    2023 arXiv

  88. [96]

    M¨ antysaari, H., Penttala, J.: Exclusive heavy vector meson production at next- to-leading order in the dipole picture. Phys. Lett. B 823, 136723 (2021) https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136723 arXiv:2104.02349 [hep-ph]

    2021

  89. [97]

    M¨ antysaari, H., Penttala, J.: Exclusive production of light vector mesons at next-to-leading order in the dipole picture. Phys. Rev. D 105(11), 114038 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.114038 arXiv:2203.16911 [hep-ph]

    2022 arXiv

  90. [98]

    JHEP 11, 222 (2021) https: //doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2021)222 arXiv:2108.06347 [hep-ph]

    Caucal, P., Salazar, F., Venugopalan, R.: Dijet impact factor in DIS at next- to-leading order in the Color Glass Condensate. JHEP 11, 222 (2021) https: //doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2021)222 arXiv:2108.06347 [hep-ph]

    2021 arXiv

  91. [99]

    Caucal, P., Salazar, F., Schenke, B., Stebel, T., Venugopalan, R.: Back-to-Back Inclusive Dijets in Deep Inelastic Scattering at Small x: Complete NLO Results and Predictions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 132(8), 081902 (2024) https://doi.org/10. 1103/PhysRevLett.132.081902 arXiv:2308.000...

    2024 arXiv

  92. [100]

    JHEP 10, 184 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2022)184 arXiv:2204.11650 [hep-ph]

    Taels, P., Altinoluk, T., Beuf, G., Marquet, C.: Dijet photoproduction at low x at next-to-leading order and its back-to-back limit. JHEP 10, 184 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2022)184 arXiv:2204.11650 [hep-ph]

    2022 arXiv

  93. [101]

    Bergabo, F., Jalilian-Marian, J.: One-loop corrections to dihadron production in DIS at small x. Phys. Rev. D 106(5), 054035 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.106.054035 arXiv:2207.03606 [hep-ph]

    2022 arXiv

  94. [102]

    JHEP 07, 121 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2023)121 arXiv:2211.04837 [hep-ph]

    Iancu, E., Mulian, Y.: Dihadron production in DIS at NLO: the real 29 corrections. JHEP 07, 121 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2023)121 arXiv:2211.04837 [hep-ph]

    2023 arXiv

  95. [103]

    Caucal, P., Iancu, E.: The evolution of the transverse-momentum dependent gluon distribution at small x (2024) arXiv:2406.04238 [hep-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  96. [104]

    JHEP 01, 095 (2023) https://doi.org/ 10.1007/JHEP01(2023)095 arXiv:2210.03208 [hep-ph]

    Bergabo, F., Jalilian-Marian, J.: Single inclusive hadron production in DIS at small x: next to leading order corrections. JHEP 01, 095 (2023) https://doi.org/ 10.1007/JHEP01(2023)095 arXiv:2210.03208 [hep-ph]

    2023 arXiv

  97. [105]

    Altinoluk, T., Jalilian-Marian, J., Marquet, C.: Sudakov double logs in single- inclusive hadron production in DIS at small x from the color glass conden- sate formalism. Phys. Rev. D 110(9), 094056 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.110.094056 arXiv:2406.08277 [hep-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  98. [106]

    Caucal, P., Iancu, E., Mueller, A.H., Yuan, F.: Jet definition and TMD factorisation in SIDIS (2024) arXiv:2408.03129 [hep-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  99. [107]

    JHEP 05, 024 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2024)024 arXiv:2401.17251 [hep-ph]

    Beuf, G., Lappi, T., M¨ antysaari, H., Paatelainen, R., Penttala, J.: Diffractive deep inelastic scattering at NLO in the dipole picture. JHEP 05, 024 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2024)024 arXiv:2401.17251 [hep-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  100. [108]

    Iancu, E., Mueller, A.H., Triantafyllopoulos, D.N.: Probing Parton Saturation and the Gluon Dipole via Diffractive Jet Production at the Electron-Ion Collider. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(20), 202001 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett. 128.202001 arXiv:2112.06353 [hep-ph]

    2022 arXiv

  101. [109]

    Hatta, Y., Xiao, B.-W., Yuan, F.: Semi-inclusive diffractive deep inelastic scat- tering at small x. Phys. Rev. D 106(9), 094015 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.106.094015 arXiv:2205.08060 [hep-ph]

    2022 arXiv

  102. [110]

    Iancu, E., Mueller, A.H., Triantafyllopoulos, D.N., Wei, S.Y.: Probing gluon saturation via diffractive jets in ultra-peripheral nucleus-nucleus col- lisions. Eur. Phys. J. C 83(11), 1078 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/ s10052-023-12165-8 arXiv:2304.12401 [hep-ph]

    2023 arXiv

  103. [111]

    Universe 7(8), 312 (2021) https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7080312 arXiv:2108.08254 [hep-ph]

    Morreale, A., Salazar, F.: Mining for Gluon Saturation at Colliders. Universe 7(8), 312 (2021) https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7080312 arXiv:2108.08254 [hep-ph]

    2021 arXiv

  104. [112]

    Dumitru, A., Hayashigaki, A., Jalilian-Marian, J.: The Color glass condensate and hadron production in the forward region. Nucl. Phys. A765, 464–482 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.11.014 arXiv:hep-ph/0506308

    2006 arXiv

  105. [113]

    Albacete, J.L., Dumitru, A., Marquet, C.: The initial state of heavy-ion col- lisions. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 28, 1340010 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1142/ S0217751X13400101 arXiv:1302.6433 [hep-ph] 30

    2013 arXiv

  106. [114]

    Albacete, J.L., Marquet, C.: Gluon saturation and initial conditions for rel- ativistic heavy ion collisions. Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 76, 1–42 (2014) https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2014.01.004 arXiv:1401.4866 [hep-ph]

    2014 arXiv

  107. [115]

    Dumitru, A., Jalilian-Marian, J.: Scattering of gluons from the color glass condensate. Phys. Lett. B 547, 15–20 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0370-2693(02)02709-0 arXiv:hep-ph/0111357

    2002 arXiv

  108. [116]

    Lappi, T., Mantysaari, H.: Forward dihadron correlations in deuteron-gold col- lisions with the Gaussian approximation of JIMWLK. Nucl. Phys. A 908, 51–72 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2013.03.017 arXiv:1209.2853 [hep-ph]

    2013 arXiv

  109. [117]

    Chirilli, G.A., Xiao, B.-W., Yuan, F.: Inclusive Hadron Productions in pA Col- lisions. Phys. Rev. D 86, 054005 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.86. 054005 arXiv:1203.6139 [hep-ph]

    2012 arXiv

  110. [118]

    Chirilli, G.A., Xiao, B.-W., Yuan, F.: One-loop Factorization for Inclusive Hadron Production in pA Collisions in the Saturation Formalism. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 122301 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.122301 arXiv:1112.1061 [hep-ph]

    2012 arXiv

  111. [119]

    Lappi, T., M¨ antysaari, H.: Single inclusive particle production at high energy from HERA data to proton-nucleus collisions. Phys. Rev. D 88, 114020 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.114020 arXiv:1309.6963 [hep-ph]

    2013 arXiv

  112. [120]

    JHEP 03, 005 (2021) https://doi.org/10

    Iancu, E., Mulian, Y.: Forward dijets in proton-nucleus collisions at next-to- leading order: the real corrections. JHEP 03, 005 (2021) https://doi.org/10. 1007/JHEP03(2021)005 arXiv:2009.11930 [hep-ph]

    2021 arXiv

  113. [121]

    Gelis, F., Jalilian-Marian, J.: Dilepton production from the color glass conden- sate. Phys. Rev. D 66, 094014 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.66. 094014 arXiv:hep-ph/0208141

    2002 arXiv

  114. [122]

    Gelis, F., Jalilian-Marian, J.: Photon production in high-energy proton nucleus collisions. Phys. Rev. D 66, 014021 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD. 66.014021 arXiv:hep-ph/0205037

    2002 arXiv

  115. [123]

    Beni´ c, S., Fukushima, K., Garcia-Montero, O., Venugopalan, R.: Constraining unintegrated gluon distributions from inclusive photon production in pro- ton–proton collisions at the LHC. Phys. Lett. B 791, 11–16 (2019) https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.02.007 arXiv:1807....

    2019 arXiv

  116. [124]

    JHEP 01, 115 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP01(2017)115 arXiv:1609.09424 [hep-ph] 31

    Benic, S., Fukushima, K., Garcia-Montero, O., Venugopalan, R.: Probing gluon saturation with next-to-leading order photon production at central rapidities in proton-nucleus collisions. JHEP 01, 115 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP01(2017)115 arXiv:1609.09424 [hep-ph] 31

    2017 arXiv

  117. [125]

    Beni´ c, S., Garcia-Montero, O., Perkov, A.: Isolated photon-hadron production in high energy pp and pA collisions at RHIC and LHC. Phys. Rev. D 105(11), 114052 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.114052 arXiv:2203.01685 [hep-ph]

    2022 arXiv

  118. [126]

    In: 31st International Symposium on Physics In Collision (2011)

    Placakyte, R.: Parton Distribution Functions. In: 31st International Symposium on Physics In Collision (2011)

    2011

  119. [127]

    Aidala, C., et al.: Nuclear-modification factor of charged hadrons at forward and backward rapidity in p+Al and p+Au collisions at √sN N= 200 GeV. Phys. Rev. C 101(3), 034910 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.034910 arXiv:1906.09928 [hep-ex]

    2020

  120. [128]

    Abelev, B., et al.: Transverse momentum distribution and nuclear modification factor of charged particles in p-Pb collisions at √sN N= 5.02 TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(8), 082302 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.082302 arXiv:1210.4520 [nucl-ex]

    2013 arXiv

  121. [129]

    Marquet, C.: Forward inclusive dijet production and azimuthal correlations in p(A) collisions. Nucl. Phys. A 796, 41–60 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j. nuclphysa.2007.09.001 arXiv:0708.0231 [hep-ph]

    2007 arXiv

  122. [130]

    Stasto, A., Xiao, B.-W., Yuan, F.: Back-to-Back Correlations of Di-hadrons in dAu Collisions at RHIC. Phys. Lett. B 716, 430–434 (2012) https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.physletb.2012.08.044 arXiv:1109.1817 [hep-ph]

    2012 arXiv

  123. [131]

    Albacete, J.L., Marquet, C.: Azimuthal correlations of forward di-hadrons in d+Au collisions at RHIC in the Color Glass Condensate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 162301 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.162301 arXiv:1005.4065 [hep-ph]

    2010 arXiv

  124. [132]

    Iancu, E., Laidet, J.: Gluon splitting in a shockwave. Nucl. Phys. A 916, 48–78 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2013.07.012 arXiv:1305.5926 [hep-ph]

    2013 arXiv

  125. [133]

    JHEP 12, 034 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP12(2016)034 arXiv:1607.03121 [hep-ph]

    Hameren, A., Kotko, P., Kutak, K., Marquet, C., Petreska, E., Sapeta, S.: Forward di-jet production in p+Pb collisions in the small-x improved TMD factorization framework. JHEP 12, 034 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP12(2016)034 arXiv:1607.03121 [hep-ph]. [Erratum: JHEP 02...

    2016 arXiv

  126. [134]

    JHEP 12, 181 (2020) https:// doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2020)181 arXiv:2006.16279 [hep-ph]

    Fujii, H., Marquet, C., Watanabe, K.: Comparison of improved TMD and CGC frameworks in forward quark dijet production. JHEP 12, 181 (2020) https:// doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2020)181 arXiv:2006.16279 [hep-ph]

    2020 arXiv

  127. [135]

    Hameren, A., Kakkad, H., Kotko, P., Kutak, K., Sapeta, S.: Searching for satura- tion in forward dijet production at the LHC. Eur. Phys. J. C 83(10), 947 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12120-7 arXiv:2306.17513 [hep-ph] 32

    2023 arXiv

  128. [136]

    Adare, A., et al.: Suppression of back-to-back hadron pairs at forward rapidity in d+Au Collisions at √sN N= 200 GeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 172301 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.172301 arXiv:1105.5112 [nucl-ex]

    2011 arXiv

  129. [137]

    In: 45th Rencontres de Moriond on QCD and High Energy Interactions, pp

    Braidot, E.: Suppression of Forward Pion Correlations in d+Au Interactions at STAR. In: 45th Rencontres de Moriond on QCD and High Energy Interactions, pp. 355–338 (2010)

    2010

  130. [138]

    Aaboud, M., et al.: Dijet azimuthal correlations and conditional yields in pp and p+Pb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV with the ATLAS detector. Phys. Rev. C 100(3), 034903 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.100.034903 arXiv:1901.10440 [nucl-ex]

    2019 arXiv

  131. [139]

    : Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross section in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

    Aad, G., et al. : Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross section in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. Phys. Rev. D 83, 052005 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.052005 arXiv:1012.4389 [hep-ex]

    2011 arXiv

  132. [140]

    Chatrchyan, S., et al.: Measurement of Isolated Photon Production in pp and PbPb Collisions at √sN N= 2.76 TeV. Phys. Lett. B 710, 256–277 (2012) https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.02.077 arXiv:1201.3093 [nucl-ex]

    2012 arXiv

  133. [141]

    Khachatryan, V., et al.: Measurement of the Isolated Prompt Photon Production Cross Section in pp Collisions at √s = 7˜TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 082001 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.082001 arXiv:1012.0799 [hep- ex]

    2011 arXiv

  134. [142]

    Chatrchyan, S., et al.: Measurement of the Differential Cross Section for Isolated Prompt Photon Production in pp Collisions at 7 TeV. Phys. Rev. D 84, 052011 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.84.052011 arXiv:1108.2044 [hep-ex]

    2011 arXiv

  135. [143]

    Benic, S., Fukushima, K.: Photon from the annihilation process with CGC in the pA collision. Nucl. Phys. A 958, 1–24 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1016/j. nuclphysa.2016.11.003 arXiv:1602.01989 [hep-ph]

    2017 arXiv

  136. [144]

    Jalilian-Marian, J., Rezaeian, A.H.: Prompt photon production and photon- hadron correlations at RHIC and the LHC from the Color Glass Condensate. Phys. Rev. D 86, 034016 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.86.034016 arXiv:1204.1319 [hep-ph]

    2012 arXiv

  137. [145]

    Roy, K., Venugopalan, R.: NLO impact factor for inclusive photon+dijet pro- duction in e + A DIS at small x. Phys. Rev. D 101(3), 034028 (2020) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.034028 arXiv:1911.04530 [hep-ph]

    2020 arXiv

  138. [146]

    Roy, K., Venugopalan, R.: Extracting many-body correlators of saturated gluons with precision from inclusive photon+dijet final states in deeply inelastic scat- tering. Phys. Rev. D 101(7), 071505 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD. 33 101.071505 arXiv:1911.04519 [hep-ph]

    2020 arXiv

  139. [147]

    JHEP 07, 079 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2019)079 arXiv:1810.11273 [hep-ph]

    Altinoluk, T., Boussarie, R., Marquet, C., Taels, P.: TMD factorization for dijets + photon production from the dilute-dense CGC framework. JHEP 07, 079 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2019)079 arXiv:1810.11273 [hep-ph]

    2019 arXiv

  140. [148]

    Altinoluk, T., Armesto, N., Beuf, G., Kovner, A., Lublinsky, M.: Single-inclusive particle production in proton-nucleus collisions at next-to-leading order in the hybrid formalism. Phys. Rev. D 91(9), 094016 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.91.094016 arXiv:1411.2869 [hep-ph]

    2015 arXiv

  141. [149]

    Duclou´ e, B., Lappi, T., Zhu, Y.: Single inclusive forward hadron production at next-to-leading order. Phys. Rev. D 93(11), 114016 (2016) https://doi.org/10. 1103/PhysRevD.93.114016 arXiv:1604.00225 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  142. [150]

    Stasto, A.M., Xiao, B.-W., Zaslavsky, D.: Towards the Test of Saturation Physics Beyond Leading Logarithm. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112(1), 012302 (2014) https:// doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.012302 arXiv:1307.4057 [hep-ph]

    2014 arXiv

  143. [151]

    Shi, Y., Wang, L., Wei, S.-Y., Xiao, B.-W.: Pursuing the Precision Study for Color Glass Condensate in Forward Hadron Productions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(20), 202302 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.202302 arXiv:2112.06975 [hep-ph]

    2022 arXiv

  144. [152]

    JHEP 12, 041 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2016)041 arXiv:1608.05293 [hep-ph]

    Iancu, E., Mueller, A.H., Triantafyllopoulos, D.N.: CGC factorization for forward particle production in proton-nucleus collisions at next-to-leading order. JHEP 12, 041 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2016)041 arXiv:1608.05293 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  145. [153]

    Duclou´ e, B., Lappi, T., Zhu, Y.: Implementation of NLO high energy factor- ization in single inclusive forward hadron production. Phys. Rev. D 95(11), 114007 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.114007 arXiv:1703.04962 [hep-ph]

    2017 arXiv

  146. [154]

    Balitsky, I., Chirilli, G.A.: Next-to-leading order evolution of color dipoles. Phys. Rev. D 77, 014019 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.77.014019 arXiv:0710.4330 [hep-ph]

    2008 arXiv

  147. [155]

    In: Probing Nucleons and Nuclei in High Energy Collisions: Dedicated to the Physics of the Electron Ion Collider, pp

    Iancu, E., Lappi, T., Triantafyllopoulos, D.: Small- x Physics in the Dipole Picture at NLO Accuracy. In: Probing Nucleons and Nuclei in High Energy Collisions: Dedicated to the Physics of the Electron Ion Collider, pp. 274–294 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811214950 0055

    2020 doi

  148. [156]

    Kovner, A., Lublinsky, M., Mulian, Y.: Jalilian-Marian, Iancu, McLer- ran, Weigert, Leonidov, Kovner evolution at next to leading order. Phys. Rev. D 89(6), 061704 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.061704 arXiv:1310.0378 [hep-ph] 34

    2014 arXiv

  149. [157]

    Balitsky, I., Chirilli, G.A.: Rapidity evolution of Wilson lines at the next- to-leading order. Phys. Rev. D 88, 111501 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.88.111501 arXiv:1309.7644 [hep-ph]

    2013 arXiv

  150. [158]

    JHEP 05, 097 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP05(2017)097 arXiv:1610.03453 [hep-ph]

    Lublinsky, M., Mulian, Y.: High Energy QCD at NLO: from light-cone wave function to JIMWLK evolution. JHEP 05, 097 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP05(2017)097 arXiv:1610.03453 [hep-ph]

    2017 arXiv

  151. [159]

    JHEP 08, 114 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2014)114 arXiv:1405.0418 [hep-ph]

    Kovner, A., Lublinsky, M., Mulian, Y.: NLO JIMWLK evolution unabridged. JHEP 08, 114 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2014)114 arXiv:1405.0418 [hep-ph]

    2014 arXiv

  152. [160]

    JHEP 07, 093 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2022)093 arXiv:2203.13695 [hep- ph]

    Dai, L., Lublinsky, M.: NLO JIMWLK evolution with massive quarks. JHEP 07, 093 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2022)093 arXiv:2203.13695 [hep- ph]

    2022 arXiv

  153. [161]

    Beuf, G.: Improving the kinematics for low- x QCD evolution equations in coordinate space. Phys. Rev. D 89(7), 074039 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.89.074039 arXiv:1401.0313 [hep-ph]

    2014 arXiv

  154. [162]

    Iancu, E., Madrigal, J.D., Mueller, A.H., Soyez, G., Triantafyllopoulos, D.N.: Resumming double logarithms in the QCD evolution of color dipoles. Phys. Lett. B 744, 293–302 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.03.068 arXiv:1502.05642 [hep-ph]

    2015 arXiv

  155. [163]

    JHEP 04, 081 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2019)081 arXiv:1902.06637 [hep-ph]

    Duclou´ e, B., Iancu, E., Mueller, A.H., Soyez, G., Triantafyllopoulos, D.N.: Non- linear evolution in QCD at high-energy beyond leading order. JHEP 04, 081 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2019)081 arXiv:1902.06637 [hep-ph]

    2019 arXiv

  156. [164]

    Lappi, T., M¨ antysaari, H.: Next-to-leading order Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with resummation. Phys. Rev. D 93(9), 094004 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.93.094004 arXiv:1601.06598 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  157. [165]

    Elfner, H., M¨ uller, B.: The exploration of hot and dense nuclear matter: intro- duction to relativistic heavy-ion physics. J. Phys. G 50(10), 103001 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ace824 arXiv:2210.12056 [nucl-th]

    2023 arXiv

  158. [166]

    Berges, J., Heller, M.P., Mazeliauskas, A., Venugopalan, R.: QCD thermal- ization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(3), 035003 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.93.035003 arXiv:2005.12299 [hep-th]

    2021 arXiv

  159. [167]

    Gelis, F., Lappi, T., Venugopalan, R.: High energy scattering in Quantum Chro- modynamics. Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 16, 2595–2637 (2007) https://doi.org/10. 1142/S0218301307008331 arXiv:0708.0047 [hep-ph]

    2007 arXiv

  160. [168]

    Ipp, A., M¨ uller, D.I., Schlichting, S., Singh, P.: Spacetime structure of (3+1)D 35 color fields in high energy nuclear collisions. Phys. Rev. D104(11), 114040 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.114040 arXiv:2109.05028 [hep-ph]

    2021 arXiv

  161. [169]

    Ipp, A., Leuthner, M., M¨ uller, D.I., Schlichting, S., Schmidt, K., Singh, P.: Energy-momentum tensor of the dilute (3+1)D glasma. Phys. Rev. D 109(9), 094040 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.094040 arXiv:2401.10320 [hep-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  162. [170]

    Ipp, A., M¨ uller, D.I.: Progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations. Eur. Phys. J. A 56(9), 243 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00241-6 arXiv:2009.02044 [hep-ph]

    2020 arXiv

  163. [171]

    EPJ Web Conf

    Ipp, A., M¨ uller, D.I., Schuh, D.: On transverse momentum broadening in real-time lattice simulations of the glasma and in the weak-field limit. EPJ Web Conf. 258, 05002 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225805002 arXiv:2112.03883 [hep-ph]

    2022

  164. [172]

    Schlichting, S., Singh, P.: 3-D structure of the Glasma initial state – Breaking boost-invariance by collisions of extended shock waves in classical Yang-Mills theory. Phys. Rev. D103(1), 014003 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD. 103.014003 arXiv:2010.11172 [hep-ph]

    2021 arXiv

  165. [173]

    Dusling, K., Gelis, F., Venugopalan, R.: The initial spectrum of fluctuations in the little bang. Nucl. Phys. A 872, 161–195 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1016/j. nuclphysa.2011.09.012 arXiv:1106.3927 [nucl-th]

    2011 arXiv

  166. [174]

    Epelbaum, T., Gelis, F.: Fluctuations of the initial color fields in high energy heavy ion collisions. Phys. Rev. D 88, 085015 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.88.085015 arXiv:1307.1765 [hep-ph]

    2013 arXiv

  167. [175]

    Gelis, F., Schenke, B.: Initial State Quantum Fluctuations in the Little Bang. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 66, 73–94 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1146/ annurev-nucl-102115-044651 arXiv:1604.00335 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  168. [176]

    Kovner, A., McLerran, L.D., Weigert, H.: Gluon production from nonAbelian Weizsacker-Williams fields in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Phys. Rev. D 52, 6231– 6237 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.52.6231 arXiv:hep-ph/9502289

    1995 arXiv

  169. [177]

    Kovner, A., McLerran, L.D., Weigert, H.: Gluon production at high transverse momentum in the McLerran-Venugopalan model of nuclear structure functions. Phys. Rev. D 52, 3809–3814 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.52.3809 arXiv:hep-ph/9505320

    1995 arXiv

  170. [178]

    Lappi, T., McLerran, L.: Some features of the glasma. Nucl. Phys. A 772, 200–212 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.04.001 arXiv:hep- ph/0602189 36

    2006

  171. [179]

    Carrington, M.E., Czajka, A., Mr´ owczy´ nski, S.: Physical characteristics of glasma from the earliest stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 106(3), 034904 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.106.034904 arXiv:2105.05327 [hep-ph]

    2022 arXiv

  172. [180]

    Carrington, M.E., Czajka, A., Mrowczynski, S.: The energy-momentum tensor at the earliest stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Eur. Phys. J. A 58(1), 5 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00600-x arXiv:2012.03042 [hep-ph]

    2022 arXiv

  173. [181]

    Krasnitz, A., Venugopalan, R.: Nonperturbative computation of gluon minijet production in nuclear collisions at very high-energies. Nucl. Phys. B 557, 237 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0550-3213(99)00366-1 arXiv:hep-ph/9809433

    1999 arXiv

  174. [182]

    Lappi, T.: Production of gluons in the classical field model for heavy ion col- lisions. Phys. Rev. C 67, 054903 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.67. 054903 arXiv:hep-ph/0303076

    2003 arXiv

  175. [183]

    Lappi, T.: Gluon spectrum in the glasma from JIMWLK evolution. Phys. Lett. B 703, 325–330 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2011.08.011 arXiv:1105.5511 [hep-ph]

    2011 arXiv

  176. [184]

    Dumitru, A., McLerran, L.D.: How protons shatter colored glass. Nucl. Phys. A 700, 492–508 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(01)01301-X arXiv:hep-ph/0105268

    2002 arXiv

  177. [185]

    Gale, C., Jeon, S., Schenke, B., Tribedy, P., Venugopalan, R.: Event-by-event anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions from combined Yang-Mills and viscous fluid dynamics. Phys. Rev. Lett.110(1), 012302 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevLett.110.012302 arXiv:1209.6330 [nucl-th]

    2013 arXiv

  178. [186]

    Baier, R., Mueller, A.H., Schiff, D., Son, D.T.: ’Bottom up’ thermalization in heavy ion collisions. Phys. Lett. B 502, 51–58 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0370-2693(01)00191-5 arXiv:hep-ph/0009237

    2001 arXiv

  179. [187]

    Kurkela, A., Zhu, Y.: Isotropization and hydrodynamization in weakly coupled heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115(18), 182301 (2015) https://doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.182301 arXiv:1506.06647 [hep-ph]

    2015 arXiv

  180. [188]

    JHEP 04, 031 (2016) https: //doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2016)031 arXiv:1512.05347 [hep-th]

    Keegan, L., Kurkela, A., Romatschke, P., Schee, W., Zhu, Y.: Weak and strong coupling equilibration in nonabelian gauge theories. JHEP 04, 031 (2016) https: //doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2016)031 arXiv:1512.05347 [hep-th]

    2016 arXiv

  181. [189]

    Schlichting, S., Teaney, D.: The First fm/c of Heavy-Ion Collisions. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 69, 447–476 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1146/ annurev-nucl-101918-023825 arXiv:1908.02113 [nucl-th] 37

    2019 arXiv

  182. [190]

    Giacalone, G., Mazeliauskas, A., Schlichting, S.: Hydrodynamic attractors, ini- tial state energy and particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123(26), 262301 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123. 262301 arXiv:1908.02866 [hep-ph]

    2019 arXiv

  183. [191]

    Giacalone, G., Schenke, B., Shen, C.: Observable signatures of ini- tial state momentum anisotropies in nuclear collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125(19), 192301 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.192301 arXiv:2006.15721 [nucl-th]

    2020 arXiv

  184. [192]

    Greif, M., Greiner, C., Schenke, B., Schlichting, S., Xu, Z.: Importance of ini- tial and final state effects for azimuthal correlations in p+Pb collisions. Phys. Rev. D 96(9), 091504 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.091504 arXiv:1708.02076 [hep-ph]

    2017 arXiv

  185. [193]

    Schenke, B., Shen, C., Tribedy, P.: Hybrid Color Glass Condensate and hydrody- namic description of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider small system scan. Phys. Lett. B 803, 135322 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135322 arXiv:1908.06212 [nucl-th]

    2020

  186. [194]

    Schenke, B., Schlichting, S., Singh, P.: Rapidity dependence of initial state geometry and momentum correlations in p+Pb collisions. Phys. Rev. D 105(9), 094023 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.094023 arXiv:2201.08864 [nucl-th]

    2022 arXiv

  187. [195]

    Mace, M., Skokov, V.V., Tribedy, P., Venugopalan, R.: Hierarchy of Azimuthal Anisotropy Harmonics in Collisions of Small Systems from the Color Glass Condensate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121(5), 052301 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevLett.121.052301 arXiv:1805.09342 [hep-ph]. [...

    2018 arXiv

  188. [196]

    Niemi, H., Eskola, K.J., Paatelainen, R.: Event-by-event fluctuations in a pertur- bative QCD + saturation + hydrodynamics model: Determining QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 93(2), 024907 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev...

    2016 arXiv

  189. [197]

    Kuha, M., Auvinen, J., Eskola, K.J., Hirvonen, H., Kanakubo, Y., Niemi, H.: MC-EKRT: Monte Carlo event generator with saturated minijet production for initializing 3+1 D fluid dynamics in high energy nuclear collisions (2024) arXiv:2406.17592 [hep-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  190. [198]

    Moreland, J.S., Bernhard, J.E., Bass, S.A.: Alternative ansatz to wounded nucleon and binary collision scaling in high-energy nuclear collisions. Phys. Rev. C 92(1), 011901 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.011901 arXiv:1412.4708 [nucl-th] 38

    2015 arXiv

  191. [199]

    Nijs, G., Schee, W., G¨ ursoy, U., Snellings, R.: Transverse Momentum Differential Global Analysis of Heavy-Ion Collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett.126(20), 202301 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.202301 arXiv:2010.15130 [nucl-th]

    2021 arXiv

  192. [200]

    Acta Phys

    Bo˙ zek, P., Broniowski, W.: Collective Dynamics in Small Systems. Acta Phys. Polon. Supp. 10, 501–505 (2017) https://doi.org/10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.10. 501

    2017 doi

  193. [201]

    Ambrus, V.E., Schlichting, S., Werthmann, C.: Establishing the Range of Applicability of Hydrodynamics in High-Energy Collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 130(15), 152301 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.152301 arXiv:2211.14356 [hep-ph]

    2023 arXiv

  194. [202]

    Cao, R.-X., Zhang, S., Ma, Y.-G.: Effects of the α-cluster structure and the intrinsic momentum component of nuclei on the longitudinal asymmetry in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 108(6), 064906 (2023) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.108.064906 arXiv:2308.16...

    2023 arXiv

  195. [203]

    Ding, C., Pang, L.-G., Zhang, S., Ma, Y.-G.: Signals of α clusters in 16O+16O collisions at the LHC from relativistic hydrodynamic simulations. Chin. Phys. C 47(2), 024105 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/ac9fb8

    2023 doi

  196. [204]

    Bally, B., Giacalone, G., Bender, M.: The shape of gold. Eur. Phys. J. A 59(3), 58 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-00955-3 arXiv:2301.02420 [nucl-th]

    2023 arXiv

  197. [205]

    Giacalone, G., et al.: The unexpected uses of a bowling pin: anisotropic flow in fixed-target 208Pb+20Ne collisions as a probe of quark-gluon plasma (2024) arXiv:2405.20210 [nucl-th]

    2024 arXiv

  198. [206]

    Zhang, C., Chen, J., Giacalone, G., Huang, S., Jia, J., Ma, Y.-G.: Ab-initio nucleon-nucleon correlations and their impact on high energy16O+16O collisions (2024) arXiv:2404.08385 [nucl-th]

    2024 arXiv

  199. [207]

    Giacalone, G., Nijs, G., Schee, W.: Determination of the Neutron Skin of Pb208 from Ultrarelativistic Nuclear Collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 131(20), 202302 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.202302 arXiv:2305.00015 [nucl-th]

    2023 arXiv

  200. [208]

    Pihan, G., Monnai, A., Schenke, B., Shen, C.: Unveiling Baryon Charge Carriers through Charge Stopping in Isobar Collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 133(18), 182301 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.182301 arXiv:2405.19439 [nucl-th]

    2024 arXiv

  201. [209]

    PoS HardProbes2023, 054 (2024) https://doi

    Garcia-Montero, O., Elfner, H., Schlichting, S.: Charge and energy deposition in the McDIPPER framework. PoS HardProbes2023, 054 (2024) https://doi. org/10.22323/1.438.0054 arXiv:2311.03125 [hep-ph] 39

    2024 arXiv

  202. [210]

    Gelfand, D., Ipp, A., M¨ uller, D.: Simulating collisions of thick nuclei in the color glass condensate framework. Phys. Rev. D 94(1), 014020 (2016) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.014020 arXiv:1605.07184 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  203. [211]

    Ipp, A., M¨ uller, D.: Broken boost invariance in the Glasma via finite nuclei thickness. Phys. Lett. B 771, 74–79 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb. 2017.05.032 arXiv:1703.00017 [hep-ph]

    2017 arXiv

  204. [212]

    Matsuda, H., Huang, X.-G.: Simulation of a (3+1)D glasma in Milne coor- dinates: Topological charge, eccentricity, and angular momentum (2024) arXiv:2409.08742 [hep-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  205. [213]

    Entropy26(2), 167 (2024) https://doi.org/10.3390/e26020167 arXiv:2401.04296 [physics.plasm- ph]

    Matsuda, H., Huang, X.-G.: Effect of Longitudinal Fluctuations of 3D Weizs¨ acker–Williams Field on Pressure Isotropization of Glasma. Entropy26(2), 167 (2024) https://doi.org/10.3390/e26020167 arXiv:2401.04296 [physics.plasm- ph]

    2024 arXiv

  206. [214]

    Altinoluk, T., Dumitru, A.: Particle production in high-energy collisions beyond the shockwave limit. Phys. Rev. D 94(7), 074032 (2016) https://doi.org/10. 1103/PhysRevD.94.074032 arXiv:1512.00279 [hep-ph]

    2016 arXiv

  207. [215]

    Altinoluk, T., Beuf, G., Mulani, S.: Forward parton-nucleus scattering at next- to-eikonal accuracy in the CGC (2024) arXiv:2411.15047 [hep-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  208. [216]

    Kharzeev, D., Levin, E., Nardi, M.: The Onset of classical QCD dynamics in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 71, 054903 (2005) https://doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.054903 arXiv:hep-ph/0111315

    2005 arXiv

  209. [217]

    Kharzeev, D., Levin, E., Nardi, M.: QCD saturation and deuteron nucleus collisions. Nucl. Phys. A 730, 448–459 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j. nuclphysa.2004.06.022 arXiv:hep-ph/0212316. [Erratum: Nucl.Phys.A 743, 329– 331 (2004)]

    2004 arXiv

  210. [218]

    Gelis, F., Venugopalan, R.: Large mass q anti-q production from the color glass condensate. Phys. Rev. D 69, 014019 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.69.014019 arXiv:hep-ph/0310090

    2004 arXiv

  211. [219]

    Garcia-Montero, O., Schlichting, S., Zhu, J.: Effects of sub-nucleonic fluctuations on the longitudinal structure of heavy-ion collisions (2025) arXiv:2501.14872 [nucl-th]

    2025 arXiv

  212. [220]

    Garcia-Montero, O., Schlichting, S.: Baryon stopping and charge deposition in heavy-ion collisions due to gluon saturation (2024) arXiv:2409.06788 [hep-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  213. [221]

    JHEP 11, 067 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP11(2013)067 arXiv:1307.1559 [hep-ph] 40

    Iancu, E., Triantafyllopoulos, D.N.: JIMWLK evolution for multi-particle pro- duction in Langevin form. JHEP 11, 067 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1007/ JHEP11(2013)067 arXiv:1307.1559 [hep-ph] 40

    2013 arXiv

Pith tools

Reviewed August 7, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.