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Multi-Agent Verification: Scaling Test-Time Compute with Multiple Verifiers

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arxiv 2502.20379 v1 pith:NQLWE7OF submitted 2025-02-27 cs.AI

Multi-Agent Verification: Scaling Test-Time Compute with Multiple Verifiers

classification cs.AI
keywords verifiersscalingtest-timeverificationcomputellmsmodelmulti-agent
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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By utilizing more computational resources at test-time, large language models (LLMs) can improve without additional training. One common strategy uses verifiers to evaluate candidate outputs. In this work, we propose a novel scaling dimension for test-time compute: scaling the number of verifiers. We introduce Multi-Agent Verification (MAV) as a test-time compute paradigm that combines multiple verifiers to improve performance. We propose using Aspect Verifiers (AVs), off-the-shelf LLMs prompted to verify different aspects of outputs, as one possible choice for the verifiers in a MAV system. AVs are a convenient building block for MAV since they can be easily combined without additional training. Moreover, we introduce BoN-MAV, a simple multi-agent verification algorithm that combines best-of-n sampling with multiple verifiers. BoN-MAV demonstrates stronger scaling patterns than self-consistency and reward model verification, and we demonstrate both weak-to-strong generalization, where combining weak verifiers improves even stronger LLMs, and self-improvement, where the same base model is used to both generate and verify outputs. Our results establish scaling the number of verifiers as a promising new dimension for improving language model performance at test-time.

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